The particularities and the research missions of the educational theories

Starting from the analysis of the theoretical drawbacks of classical pedagogy stretching from Johann Friedrich Herbart to John Dewey, this paper advocates that educational research in China in the new century should take on a theory mission that calls for the classification of the knowledge of educational theory and the definition of its theoretical formation. Instead of a single theory, the formation of the new theories should be a theoretical continuum, which consists of three parts that are not isolated but interconnected and interactive. The first one is a general theory that is conformed by abstract propositions and has a reflective function. The second is a mid-level theory that presents the requirements of the methodology, and the third one is a micro-theory that displays detailed experiences. The paper finally presents the structure of the problems of educational theory and its unique value. It then concludes that progress in educational theory implicates progress in the understanding of the conditions for education. __________ Translated from Educational Research, 2005:9     

The Effect of a Computerized Simulation on Middle School Students’ Understanding of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dynamic software simulation on the understanding of the kinetic molecular theory by 7th graders. Students in the control group (n = 62) studied a curricular unit that addressed the differences in arrangement and motion of molecules in the three phases of matter. The experimental group (n = 71) studied the same unit combined with a few computer lessons using a software simulation. The results indicate that the students in the experimental group scored significantly higher than those in the control group. Nonetheless, while both groups of students improved their understanding of the kinetic molecular theory, the overall achievements were very low. These findings suggest that the simulation improved the understanding of the 7th graders; however, it was insufficient in itself to promote meaningful learning. Statistically significant gender differences were not observed. This paper concludes with a discussion of the educational implications of this study.     

毛冻绿幼叶的显微形态研究

目的:探究鼠李科鼠李属植物毛冻绿(Rhamnaceae utilis Decne.var.hypochrysa(schneid.)Rehd.)春季初萌发幼叶的显微鉴别特征。方法:徒手切片观察幼叶纵切结构和叶片上下表皮表面观,粉末显微辨识毛冻绿幼叶特征结构与形态。结果:毛冻绿非腺毛可分为长、短两种类型,非腺毛毛囊处的纵皱纹理明显,且放射性地向毛囊基部表面扩散。毛囊处于叶表皮细胞整体水平面以下且顶部细胞呈细长柱形,侧面观呈鞭状的非腺毛为长非腺毛;毛囊处于叶表皮细胞整体水平面上且毛囊与叶表皮细胞连接部分呈水滴状,短非腺毛侧面观近三角形;短非腺毛的分布常与叶肉细胞中的方晶伴生。结论:利用毛冻绿非腺毛的毛囊与叶表皮细胞连接的位置关系,及非腺毛长度的形态差异,可作为毛冻绿幼叶的显微鉴别提供依据。长短非腺毛在不同物候环境变化下,形态会有过渡性变化。长非腺毛可能与保障蒸腾与呼吸作用有关,短非腺毛可能与保护叶肉组织有关。     

"以学生为中心"在英语教学中的实践

建立“以学生为中心”的教学模式，是培养学生能力的需要。正确认识教师在“以学生为中心”的教学模式中的地位和作用，是我们运用这一模式开展教学的关键。     

Discoverers in scientific citation data

Identifying the future influential papers among the newly published ones is an important yet challenging issue in bibliometrics. As newly published papers have no or limited citation history, linear extrapolation of their citation counts—which is motivated by the well-known preferential attachment mechanism—is not applicable. We translate the recently introduced notion of discoverers to the citation network setting, and show that there are authors who frequently cite recent papers that become highly-cited in the future; these authors are referred to as discoverers. We develop a method for early identification of highly-cited papers based on the early citations from discoverers. The results show that the identified discoverers have a consistent citing pattern over time, and the early citations from them can be used as a valuable indicator to predict the future citation counts of a paper. The discoverers themselves are potential future outstanding researchers as they receive more citations than average.     

粒状材料堆集物的随机三维模拟的研究

本文展示球体数目大大增加的堆集物建模,采用数字平滑法对球状堆积物进行模拟研究,研究结果显示出前所未有的大粒子系统模型面貌,由于模型扩大,增加了堆集面上的增平均应力分布的变差,其结果与发表的实验应力分布非常吻合。     

一起锅炉鼓包事故成因的探讨

本文采用微观分析方法对一起锅炉鼓包事故原因进行深入的探讨。寻其成因，提出解决的办法，为锅炉安全运行，现场监督管理提供参考依据。