Mg-Al-Fe类水滑石--蒙脱土体系流变性研究

研究了带永久正电荷的Mg-Al-Fe类水滑石(Mg-Al-Fe-HTlc)和带永久负电荷的钠质蒙脱土(MT)组成的悬浮体的流变性,考察了Mg-Al-Fe-HTlc/MT质量比(R)对表观粘度(ηA)、Bingham屈服值(τB)和E-B系数(K值)3个流变参数的影响.实验结果表明,MT含量≥3%的纯MT体系和Mg-Al-Fe-HTlc/MT体系为塑性流体.纯MT体系符合Bingham流变方程;Mg-Al-Fe-HTlc/MT体系在低剪切速率(D,0～300s-1)区不符合Bingham流变方程;纯MT体系和Mg-Al-Fe-HTlc/MT体系在研究的范围内均符合Brinkman粘度方程.ηA、τB和K值随R的增大均呈现为先增大后减小的变化,在R=0.15附近出现最大值.对颗粒间的相互作用机理和表征参数进行了探讨,认为Brinkman粘度方程的E-B系数K值是能表征体系粒子间内在相互作用的"本征流变参数".     

TiO2/蒙脱石复合光催化剂处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

以有机钛源钛酸四丁酯通过溶胶-凝胶法制备 TiO2/蒙脱石复合光催化剂,通过考察催化剂量、光照时间、光照面积、PH 值的等因素对复合材料光催化降解垃圾渗滤液的影响。实验结果表明：催化剂量为1.0g/100mL 渗滤液、光照时间3h、PH 为4光催化效果较好,且光照面积对去除率有较大的影响。     

聚β-羟基丁酸PHB/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能

用溶液复合法成功地制备了插层型PHB/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了复合材料的结构,发现硅酸盐片层间距从1.8 nm升至 2.4 nm左右.同时研究了复合材料的结晶,熔融,和力学性能,发现有机蒙脱土的加入,可以加快PHB的结晶速度,降低熔融温度,提高了材料的力学性能,有机蒙脱土含量在3%时,其综合性能最佳.     

钢渣-蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂对水中Pb2+的去除研究

以钢渣及蒙脱石为原料,工业淀粉为添加剂,制备钢渣-蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂并将其做为实验材料,研究了其对水中Pb2+的吸附性能,探讨了影响吸附的因素.研究结果表明:钢渣-蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂在溶液pH为7和吸附反应时间120min的条件下吸附效果最佳.在此环境条件下,吸附剂用量为9.0g/L、对初始浓度为100mg/L的 Pb2+溶液的去除率可达到93%,钢渣-蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂在以上条件下对Pb2+的吸附量为10.3mg/g;钢渣-蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂吸附重金属离子时可用二级动力学方程进行拟合,对Pb2+的相关系数为0.9993;且符合Langmuir方程,其相关系数为0.9929;对Pb2+的理论饱和吸附量为12.61mg/g.     

Organic synthesis using clay catalysts

Conclusion The clay minerals can catalyze a variety of organic reactions occurring on their surface and interstitial space. Synthetic organic chemists have been attracted to their tremendous potential as catalysts only relatively recently. Modification of their properties by incorporating different metal cations, molecules or complexes, can lead to catalysts that are useful in effecting even more varieties of reactions and higher selectivity in product structure and yield. There is a theory that the molecules of life actually developed in sedimentary clays. As the organic chemist is becoming more aware of the clay’s efficacy, its uses in organic synthesis are bound to increase, especially because it helps in developing eco-friendly chemical processes. The dark clay has a bright future in the area of organic synthesis.