Beyond traditional collaborative search: Understanding the effect of awareness on multi-level collaborative information retrieval

Although there has been a great deal of research into Collaborative Information Retrieval (CIR) and Collaborative Information Seeking (CIS), the majority has assumed that team members have the same level of unrestricted access to underlying information. However, observations from different domains (e.g. healthcare, business, etc.) have suggested that collaboration sometimes involves people with differing levels of access to underlying information. This type of scenario has been referred to as Multi-Level Collaborative Information Retrieval (MLCIR). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of awareness, an existing CIR/CIS concept, on MLCIR. To address this gap in current knowledge, we conducted two separate user studies using a total of 5 different collaborative search interfaces and 3 information access scenarios. A number of Information Retrieval (IR), CIS and CIR evaluation metrics, as well as questionnaires were used to compare the interfaces. Design interviews were also conducted after evaluations to obtain qualitative feedback from participants. Results suggested that query properties such as time spent on query, query popularity and query effectiveness could allow users to obtain information about team's search performance and implicitly suggest better queries without disclosing sensitive data. Besides, having access to a history of intersecting viewed, relevant and bookmarked documents could provide similar positive effect as query properties. Also, it was found that being able to easily identify different team members and their actions is important for users in MLCIR. Based on our findings, we provide important design recommendations to help develop new CIR and MLCIR interfaces.     

独立学院“微积分”教学改革的研究与探讨

微积分是独立学院一门重要的基础课程,它对学生后续课程的学习和思维素质的培养都起着重要作用。本文针对独立学院微积分的教学现状,结合作者的教学实际,给出了独立学院微积分教学改革的几点建议。     

Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study

This paper addresses the question of how technological transitions (TT) come about? Are there particular patterns and mechanisms in transition processes? TT are defined as major, long-term technological changes in the way societal functions are fulfilled. TT do not only involve changes in technology, but also changes in user practices, regulation, industrial networks, infrastructure, and symbolic meaning or culture. This paper practices ‘appreciative theory’ [R.R. Nelson, S.G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Bellknap Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982] and brings together insights from evolutionary economics and technology studies. This results in a multi-level perspective on TT where two views of the evolution are combined: (i) evolution as a process of variation, selection and retention, (ii) evolution as a process of unfolding and reconfiguration. The perspective is empirically illustrated with a qualitative longitudinal case-study, the transition from sailing ships to steamships, 1780–1900. Three particular mechanisms in TT are described: niche-cumulation, technological add-on and hybridisation, riding along with market growth.     

Ongoing child welfare services: Understanding the relationship of worker and organizational characteristics to service provision

Ongoing child welfare services are put in place after completion of the initial maltreatment investigation when there is a perceived need to mitigate the risk of future harm. The knowledge of how clinical, worker, and organizational characteristics interact with this decision to provide ongoing child welfare services is not well integrated in the research literature. Using secondary data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2008, this study’s primary objective is to understand the relationship of clinical, worker, and organizational characteristics to the decision to transfer a case to ongoing child welfare services and their relative contribution to the transfer decision in Canada. Findings indicate that several clinical level variables are associated with families receiving ongoing services. Additionally, organizational factors, such as type of services offered by the organization and the number of employee support programs available to workers, significantly predicted the decision to transfer a case to ongoing services. While no worker factors, such as education, amount of training, experience, or caseload, were associated with ongoing service receipt, the intraclass correlation coefficient of the final three-level parsimonious model indicated substantial clustering at the worker level. Results indicate that Canadian child welfare workers make decisions differently based on factors not available in the current study and that what would be deemed as important worker characteristics do not necessarily predict this outcome. Findings and implications for future research are discussed.     

高职教育分层教学的实践研究

为了提高高职高专教学质量，针对传统教学模式在新形势下高职高专中出现的问题，本分析了目前高职高专的生源状况，“大一统”模式带来的弊端；提出了分层教学思想和具体实施办法，并将学分制管理作为完善分层教学的重要手段和途径。     

多级模糊综合评判在自然资源承载力评价中的应用--以阜阳地区地下水资源为例

自然资源承载力评价是自然资源评价的重要内容,为自然资源管理和开发利用规划提供重要依据.本文针对影响自然资源承载力的因素特点,建立了自然资源承载力评价的多级模糊综合评判方法,并应用于安徽省阜阳地区浅层地下水资源承载力评价,结果表明,多级模糊综合评判由于综合考虑了评价因素的层次性和模糊性,其结果较一级模糊综合评判方法更符合实际.     

开放型立体化办刊模式助推高校科技期刊转型——以《药学进展》改版实践为例

【目的】 探索开放型办刊模式,找到期刊转型发展的着力点,为高校科技期刊创新发展提供思路。【方法】 以《药学进展》的改版实践为切入点,探讨办刊主体重构、编委队伍架构、学术活动策划、选题组稿策划4个举措所取得的成效。【结果】 《药学进展》办刊主体和编委队伍的重建以及学术活动和选题组稿策划均表现出“开放”的内涵,期刊有效转型为“知识服务载体+智库+交流平台”的复合型媒体。【结论】 办刊主体、编委队伍架构和学术活动均可作为办刊资源,服务于选题组稿策划。开放办刊是期刊转型发展的有效途径,有助于提高期刊核心竞争力,从而提升期刊品牌价值。     

多层次二值图生成算法的研究与实现

针对由灰度图转换成二值图时存在图像层次感差、信息量损失大的特点,提出以灰度图的灰度直方图为基础,将不同的灰度范围划分为若干个层次,每个层次在生成二值图时用不同密度的像素来表示的算法,并给出了该算法的数学模型及实现过程;实验结果表明,该算法保持二值图存储数据量小的优点的同时,提高了二值图的层次感和表示的信息量.     

工科环境下《高分子化学》课程体系改革探索

结合工科环境下《高分子化学》教学中存在的一些问题,通过对教学内容的完善,教学模式的改革,提高学生的学习兴趣。探索多层次实验体系,使学生更好地将理论知识与实践相结合。