Clusters of abusive parenting: A latent class analysis of families referred to Child Protective Services in Portugal

From the perspective of ecological models, it is suggested that a thorough behavior analysis of parental mistreatment and neglect is undertaken from a general approach to a more comprehensive and multi-dimensional perspective. Hence, the main goal of the present study was to determine if meaningful groups or clusters of abusive parenting in Portugal could be identified based on the characterization of the children and adolescents, their parents and context variables. An instrument was developed to assess variables of the children or adolescents, the family and the social context, all of which have been shown to be important in the literature. Child and Youth Protection Commissions from the whole of Portugal participated in the study, a total of 504 cases. Latent class analysis was applied in order to identify distinct parenting abusing behavior. The results showed four distinct clusters of families which are clearly defined in light of the types of risk and associated variables. The four groups are probabilistic and propose the composition of clusters with socio-demographic variables related to the types of risk. The significant interrelationships of different profiling characteristics are directly related to parenting abusing behavior. The results of this study confirmed our hypothesis of heterogeneous abusive parenting in Portugal. The findings yield useful policy-oriented results. Meaningfully organizing abusive parenting may be an important step not only in understanding the origins of abuse and neglect, but also in integrating this information into intervention models with children, young people and their families.     

评析医疗事故技术鉴定的“2+1”模式

今年7月开始实施的《侵权责任法》放弃使用"医疗事故"概念,因为从2002年开始实行的医疗事故技术鉴定"2+1"模式已经出现了不少缺陷:"集体鉴定"制度与鉴定结论的证据属性不符;鉴定中回避主体范围比较狭窄,申请回避的提出时间不明确;医疗事故技术鉴定的管辖权不明,而许多地方已经开始施行异地鉴定;行政审查鉴定申请的做法不合理;中华医学会启动鉴定的具体标准和前置程序并未确定;实践中对待各级鉴定的效力做法与法理不符。希望相关部门尽快出台规定或者解释,以符合新法的原则和要求。     

诉讼诈骗罪的立法研究

诉讼诈骗是一种严重危害社会的行为,它并不符合诈骗罪的构成特征,它具有比诈骗罪更严重的社会危害性。由于我国刑法没有规定诉讼诈骗罪,而诈骗罪、妨害作证罪、帮助伪造证据罪、敲诈勒索罪等现行罪名和民事诉讼法规定的妨害民事诉讼惩戒措施等均不能对诉讼诈骗行为进行全面、准确的评价。为了打击严重的诉讼欺诈行为,维护司法机关的正常活动和保护公私财产的所有权,在刑事立法中增设诉讼诈骗罪具有重要的现实意义。