Application of colour metallography in the examination of ancient metals

The use of colour in the metallographic examination of ancient metals is useful both for research and teaching purposes. Application of different optical methods of examination include: polarized light, with or without a first-order red compensator, and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC). The use of DIC can be combined with the other techniques mentioned in the text for the examination of etched or unetched metal surfaces, which are best observed microscopically using a metallograph. Colour techniques are now used routinely in industrial metallography, and are available for a variety of metals and alloys. Colour tint etching can be used to enhance grain structure or different phases present in the metallic artefact which may not be visible in conventional etched samples, or which lack optical contrast. Many more applications of these techniques in the examination of ancient metals will be published in the literature as they become better known and second-hand equipment with DIC lenses enter the market at a price suitable for conservation laboratories to purchase them.     

新创办期刊打开局面的探索 ——以《有色金属科学与工程》为例

以新创办期刊《有色金属科学与工程》为例,阐述其为打造成精品专业期刊的办刊思路与具体举措:依托区域和学科优势,积极为行业服务;紧跟形势,学习先进办刊经验,大力推进期刊数字化;开拓创新,广开渠道,利用各种形式组稿。对刊物今后发展作了展望。     

金属标准电极电位,电离势和活动顺序

在气相中,金属原子失去电子的难易用电离势数值大小来衡量,在水溶液中,金属原子失去电子能力的难易用电离热数值大小来衡量。本文从金属的标准电极电势,电离势分别讨论金属活动顺序。     

重金属生物吸附综述

概括介绍了重金属污染的现状及用生物吸附法去除重金属的优点,对生物材料的类型和来源,生物吸附的机理和模型,影响生物吸附的因素等进行了综述,并对生物吸附的发展进行了展望.     

漯河市土壤中金属等元素含量分布特征

对漯河市土壤中金属等元素的含量进行监测分析,初步摸清了漯河市辖区内土壤中金属等元素的分布特征。     

碱金属硝酸盐的热稳定性讨论

碱金属的硫酸盐、碳酸盐和氯化物比较稳定不易分解，而碱金属硝酸盐却不稳定。本用热力学原理和方法讨论了这类盐不稳定性的热力学原因，并从理论上分析了碱金属系列热稳定性的变化规律。     

Book Reviews

Abstract

The long-term stabilization of marine archaeological iron, whether cast or wrought, continues to challenge conservators responsible for treatment of this material. Results and observations obtained from past treatments highlight the daunting, prolonged, and laborious efforts required to desalinate large and complex ferrous artifacts recovered from the ocean. In general, the higher an artifact's chloride level, the less stable it is. Consequently, any stabilization treatment must involve the removal of as much Cl^?1 as possible without affecting the integrity of the corroded artifact. This problem is particularly acute with corroding cast iron objects that have formed thick, fragile, and highly unstable corrosion layers. Over the course of the twentieth century, conservators have used a variety of techniques in an attempt to mitigate the negative effects of chloride ions on iron artifacts and prevent disintegration. In spite of early promise, each of these stabilization techniques has significant disadvantages, particularly with regard to treatment efficiency, duration of treatment, and/or unacceptable risks to the artifact during treatment. For these reasons, conservators and conservation scientists at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center in Charleston, South Carolina, decided to look at the possibility of using subcritical fluids to stabilize archaeological iron. This paper compares the efficiency and effectiveness of traditional stabilization techniques (i.e. alkaline soaking and cathodic polarization) to subcritical fluids on wrought iron rivets and metal shavings from the H.L. Hunley submarine as well as Civil War era cast iron artillery shells recovered from a marine environment.     

中国有色金属工业节能现状及未来趋势

有色金属工业是典型的高耗能行业,也是我国未来节能降耗的重点领域。本文首先对我国"十一五"以来有色金属工业节能降耗的效果进行了评价。根据初步数据核算,2009年有色金属工业能源强度较2005年下降了22.34%,主要技术指标也明显提高,无论从整体能效指标还是从单产能耗指标均已提前达到规划目标。在此基础上,本文重点分析了我国有色金属工业节能降耗发展趋势。结论显示:技术进步仍是有色金属工业"十二五"期间节能的重要内容,但随着能源技术达到或接近国际先进水平,单纯依靠技术引进的节能潜力将逐渐缩小,未来必须加强能源技术的研发和原始创新,提高节能技术创新能力;有色金属再生利用在未来节能中的作用将更加突出,按照目前的技术状况,2015年有色金属再生利用的年节能量将超过2000万t标准煤,即使考虑到原生金属技术水平提高,2015年有色金属再生利用的年节能量也将接近1500万t标准煤;通过多产业协同发展可以实现节约能源和提高经济效益的双重效果,循环经济的节能潜力巨大。有色金属再生利用和发展循环经济是未来有色金属行业节能的重要途径。最后,提出了相关的政策建议。