Depressive Stories for Children

While stories with a depressing message are now common for teenagers, resistance to them remains where smaller children are concerned. But is this more a case of the publishers and providers concerned protecting their own particular image of childhood? This article looks at the case for books that also convey a sense of sadness to infants, starting with the stories of Hans Andersen and ending with some of the challenging picture books published more recently.     

“学业乐观”的引入及对我国教育的启示

关于乐观主义的理论和实践研究一直受到国内外学者的青睐。近期,一些美国学者发现“学业乐观”是影响学生成就的关键因素,他们的研究对我国的学校教育提供了一些良好的启示。     

积极心理学研究综述

积极心理学兴起仅十余年,已经形成一股世界性的研究热潮。整体来看,积极心理学研究主要集中在三个领域:积极情绪体验、积极人格特质和积极的社会组织系统。三个领域研究的发展并不均衡。国内的研究相对比较薄弱,还缺少有国际影响力的成果,本土化的研究有待加强。目前,积极心理学在研究的科学性和研究领域方面都存在不足。尽管如此,积极心理学未来的发展前景还很广阔。     

浅析诗人雪莱的革命理想——对解放了的普罗米修斯的思想内涵的分析

解放了的普罗米修斯是英国著名的浪漫诗人雪莱作品中的人物,起源于希腊神话故事。在这首诗中,普罗米修斯被充分描述成为一个勇敢的、具有高尚的革命乐观主义精神的英雄,而不是一个被拷打的反叛者的传统形象。相反,宙斯作为一个强横专制统治者,既残暴,又没有同情心。雪莱用这二个形象代表了当时在欧洲,尤其是在英国逐渐清醒过来的人民大众和残暴的封建统治者。充分表达了雪莱对一个理想的、没有阶级压迫和剥削的理想社会的渴望。     

技术的傲慢与事业的平凡

图书馆事业的伟大作用是守望人类的精神家园,但图书馆的工作又是平凡的。图书馆事业悲观论与乐观论的错误根源在于只从技术角度来诠释图书馆事业,问题出在逻辑与思路上。我们应以平常心看待图书馆事业的兴衰,正确地认识图书馆事业。     

A concurrent examination of protective factors associated with resilience and posttraumatic growth following childhood victimization

The present study concurrently examined protective factors associated with the adaptive outcomes of resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG; defined as positive psychological change resulting from a life crisis or trauma), after accounting for relevant demographic factors and the impact of circumstances surrounding childhood victimization (i.e., age of first trauma, frequency of victimization, and perception of trauma severity). The protective factors examined in the present study included social support from friends and family, optimism, positive religious coping (i.e., looking to God for support and guidance; forgiveness), and negative religious coping (i.e., feeling abandoned by God; anger towards God). Participants included 161 college students from the US MidSouth, aged 18–24 (M_age = 19.97, SD = 1.86). All participants reported experiencing physical violence and/or sexual abuse during their childhood. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that after accounting for demographics and circumstances surrounding the childhood victimization, higher resilience was associated with greater family support, optimism, and positive religious coping, while higher posttraumatic growth was associated with greater optimism and positive religious coping. These findings underscore the protective role of optimism with respect to both resilience and posttraumatic growth. Additionally, results highlight the importance of examining cognitions related to religious coping rather than simply assessing broadband religiosity, as only positive religious coping was associated with adaptive outcomes. Findings suggest the importance of early intervention to bolster protective factors (i.e., family support, positive thinking, gratitude, and positive religious coping skills) among youth exposed to childhood physical and sexual victimization.     

乐观测量在国内外研究现状分析

乐观是积极心理学研究中的核心概念之一.大部分的研究都认同乐观是一个与个体的未来定向密切相关的概念,也是影响人的身心健康的重要因素,因此时于乐观的测量也成为大家关注的热点.伴随着众多关于乐观界定的出现,与之对应的乐观测量工具也逐一应运而生,但这些测量工具引进到国内后,却出现了信效度不高的情况.许多学者认为,形成具有中国文化特征的本土化乐观测量应该是我国未来的研究趋向.     

Childhood maltreatment,psychological resources,and depressive symptoms in women with breast cancer

Childhood maltreatment is associated with elevated risk for depression across the human lifespan. Identifying the pathways through which childhood maltreatment relates to depressive symptoms may elucidate intervention targets that have the potential to reduce the lifelong negative health sequelae of maltreatment exposure. In this cross-sectional study, 271 women with early-stage breast cancer were assessed after their diagnosis but before the start of adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, endocrine therapy). Participants completed measures of childhood maltreatment exposure, psychological resources (optimism, mastery, self-esteem, mindfulness), and depressive symptoms. Using multiple mediation analyses, we examined which psychological resources uniquely mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Exposure to maltreatment during childhood was robustly associated with lower psychological resources and elevated depressive symptoms. Further, lower optimism and mindfulness mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and elevated depressive symptoms. These results support existing theory that childhood maltreatment is associated with lower psychological resources, which partially explains elevated depressive symptoms in a sample of women facing breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. These findings warrant replication in populations facing other major life events and highlight the need for additional studies examining childhood maltreatment as a moderator of treatment outcomes.     

Prospective teachers’ future time perspective and professional plans about teaching: The mediating role of academic optimism

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of prospective teachers’ academic optimism in the relationship between their future time perspective and professional plans about teaching. A total of 396 prospective teachers voluntarily participated in the study. Correlation, regression, and structural equation modeling analyses were conducted in order to examine the mediating role of academic optimism. Results demonstrated that the relationships between future time perspective and planned effort, planned persistence, and professional development aspirations were significantly and fully mediated by academic optimism; whereas the relationship between future time perspective and leadership aspirations was not.     

To Comprehend American Social Culture From American Cartoon Movies

The purpose of this study was to research the American social culture in detail from American cartoon movies. Since 1990s, a great number of excellent cartoon movies have been produced .For example the world famous Shrek, Garfield, and so on. Although the contents of these cartoon movies are different, these cartoon movies are one of the approaches for people to know American society and its citizens. Therefore, this study shows not only the background and the main works of American cartoon movies but also the different aspects of American social culture - politics, economy, education and values. In every aspect, some explanations of the affiliation between American society and its cartoon movies have been brought forward.