Nullis in Verba: Advancing Research through Transparency and Openness

Nullis in verba was chosen as the motto of the Royal Society, as it embodied the culture of transparency and collaboration that were the hallmarks of the Royal Society and of the scientific method it promoted. Communication, using the tools of the day, was essential to this community of scientists as they created and shared new knowledge. Almost three hundred years later, libraries continue to advance principles relating to the importance of collaboration and transparency. This two-part article series, published jointly in International Information and Library Review and Technical Services Quarterly explores notions of transparency and collaboration in research and how these ideas are impacting the world of librarianship – from information creation, organization and access perspectives.     

If Only They Knew: Audience Expectations and Actual Sourcing Practices in Online Journalism

ABSTRACT

This article answers the question “Are the sourcing practices in Finnish online journalism trustworthy?” Here, trustworthiness is operationalized as the fulfillment of audience expectations towards sourcing practices. To this end, expectations of young Finnish adults (aged 18–28) were compared to the observed practices of Finnish online journalists. A total of 36 news items (from 12 journalists working in three newsrooms, published in 2013 and 2017) were analyzed. The analysis indicates that online journalists’ sourcing practices largely do not conform to this audience segment's expectations. Namely, the audience expects more comprehensive investigation and thorough verification than what is common practice in online journalism. The use of high-credibility sources is both expected and commonplace. The results imply that transparency may be harmful rather than beneficial to journalism's credibility, as the unveiled practices do not always meet audience expectations.     

Orthographic analogies and early reading: Explorations of performance and variation in two transfer tasks

Two experiments investigated the use of orthographic analogies in 6 year olds. In Experiment 1, 26 children were shown CVC clue and target word pairs sharing either rimes (`fork' – `pork'), heads (`fork' – `ford') or were controls (`fork' – `hurl'). A modest advantage for rime-clued over head-cluedtargets was unreliable over by-subject and by-item analyses. Improvements in target word reading were correlated with pretest scaffolding errors (e.g. `pork' misread as `park'). In Experiment 2, 50 children were pretaught three clue words for each target word before being shown words that shared either rimes (`leak' – `peak'), or medial vowel digraphs (`leak') – `bean'), or were controls (`leak' – `herd'). A modest advantage for rime-clued over vowel digraph-clued targets was again unreliable over by-subject and by-item analyses. Neither rime nor phoneme awareness measures were correlated with rime inference use. Vowel, but not rime inference, was correlated with scaffolding errors. Rime detection was the strongest predictor of reading ability, whereas phoneme segmentation was the strongest predictor of the use of scaffolding errors.     

论译者的“隐身”

近年来,译者的“隐身”已成为译学研究的热点话题,它不仅涉及译者的翻译策略,与译者的地位问题也有着密切的内在联系。劳伦斯·韦努蒂对译者的“隐身”问题进行了系统的研究,对译者“隐身”的根源及其对译者地位的影响都提出了独到的见解。对韦努蒂的有关论述加以批判性的分析,对于正确理解译者“隐身”的必然性、合理性与局限性,采取有效策略提高译者的地位,将会有一定的启发意义。     

意象性与透明度对大学生熟语学习的影响

运用问卷调查和测试等研究工具,对影响受试熟语学习的若干特性进行研究,并运用定性与定量结合的方法,分析相关的数据。研究发现:意象性与受试的测试成绩呈显著正相关;意象性比透明度对测试成绩有更好的预示功能;意象性和透明度二因素交互效应明显,意象性较强、透明度较高的熟语对受试的成绩有促进作用,反之亦然。     

长春南湖水体透明度高光谱定量模型研究

透明度是衡量水质优劣、评价湖泊富营养化的一个重要指标，高光谱遥感可有效反演透明度，较好解决了常规遥感中出现的问题。本研究利用野外高光谱仪在长春南湖夏季进行了反射光谱测量和同步水质采样分析，通过分析水体透明度与其高光谱反射率之间的相关关系，尝试采用多种半经验算法建立透明度高光谱定量模型，并进行了验证。结果表明：1）单波段、波段比值和一阶微分反演模型，确定性系数皆在0.74以上，RMSE小于透明度极值差，因此皆可以用于反演透明度；2）模型精度从高到低依次为：一阶微分模型、单波段模型和波段比值模型。该定量模型的建立，为今后利用成像光谱数据在南湖进行透明度大面积遥感反演研究提供了研究基础和科学依据，对内陆水体透明度反演也有一定的借鉴意义。     

等离基元诱导透明的等效模型分析

电磁诱导透明现象因在慢光、光存储和非线性光学等领域的广泛应用,而成为当今科学研究的热点。因此利用人工电磁媒质实现的电磁诱导透明现象,即等离激元诱导透明,也引起了广泛的研究。文章论述了等离激元诱导透明的基本原理及研究现状,并重点分析了谐振子模型、电路模型以及耦合模理论三种等效模型,为进一步深入探究等离激元诱导透明提供了一定的理论研究基础。     

境外高校独立办学立法的现实诉求与思考

推进境外高校独立办学立法是重大教育改革于法有据的必然要求,是支持跨境教育新业态健康发展的法治保障,也是推进跨境教育治理现代化的必由之路。海南自由贸易港应尽快制定境外高校独立办学的专门管理法规,以区域性跨境教育先行先试,进而辐射更大区域、更大范围乃至带动全国教育领域改革开放的协同发展。境外高校独立办学立法的主要原则是教育主权原则、教育公益性原则、高校独立办学原则和透明原则。立法的重点是厘定独立办学机构的法律地位,明确其法律权利和义务,规范其审批程序,加强政府部门对独立办学行为的监管和不当行为的责任追究,实现境外高校独立办学法治化、规范化。     

耦合三量子阱中隧穿诱导的可控光学增益和吸收

考虑自发辐射相干,解析地研究了半导体耦合三量子阱系统中探测光和信号光场的增益和吸收性质。基于光与原子相互作用的半经典理论,通过建立耦合量子阱中自发辐射相干的理论模型,求得了系统的探测光和信号光场的线性极化率。结果表明,量子阱内部自发辐射相干强度及外部控制光场能实现对探测光和信号光的线性增益和吸收性质的有效调节,进而显示隧穿诱导透明单、双窗口及增益之间的相互转换。