编辑审稿的思维方法探讨

本文运用系统论、信息论、控制论的原理,探讨科技编辑在审稿中的思维方法问题,提出了前瞻性的逻辑设问式审稿法,认为应将论文置于该研究领域的系统框图中,根据论文及多方面提供的有关信息进行逻辑设问,通过综合的总体评价,对拟刊用的论文实行目标质量控制。     

Reconceptualising educational assessment in South Africa — testing times for teachers

This paper explores some of the problems arising when Continuous Assessment (CA) is grafted onto established pedagogic practices. It focuses on three issues: teachers' restricted understandings of assessment, teachers' emphasis on criteria that demonstrate concern with social control, and some of the problems connected with peer assessment. Two vignettes derived from fieldwork associated with a project to improve the quality of primary education are used to raise the issues. We argue that the development of desired practices is hampered above all by tacit values in tension with those underpinning the new curriculum. These values, together with the complexity of curriculum design, create serious problems of manageability and interpretation, which can only be addressed through detailed interactive in-service training, aimed at reconceptualising teachers' notions of assessment.     

Correlates of verbally aggressive communication in adolescents

This investigation identifies demographic, media, and social correlates of verbally aggressive communication in adolescence. Mail surveys were completed and returned by 2,300 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 15. These adolescents were asked about the prevalence of verbal and physical aggression, the context in which it occurred, demographics, and the interpersonal and media influences in their lives. The results indicate that verbal aggression is widespread, that committing and experiencing verbal aggression is largely reciprocal, that there is a strong relationship between committing verbal and physical aggression, and that peer social influence and listening to violently oriented music are mildly related to verbal aggression in adolescents. These findings suggest more resources should be allocated to teaching adolescents to understand and control verbal aggression. Further, they provide important answers to many prevention and intervention programmatic questions, including context, content, and targeting concerns. Since the negative consequences of verbal aggression are severe and long lasting, decreasing this destructive communication behavior should significantly improve the lives of many adolescents. These and other practical implications are expanded upon and discussed.     

国外高校图书馆同伴教育服务现状及启示

本文选取美国、英国、加拿大共14所高校图书馆作为调研对象,对其同伴教育的服务命名、服务模式、栏目设置、服务对象、开展形式5个方面展开系统调研,重点从宣传途径、服务内容及运行管理层面把握同伴教育服务成功的关键要素,并从拓宽宣传渠道、多方联合推广、创新服务形式、提升用户体验、加强评估反馈、注重管理监督等方面优化图书馆服务,以启示我国图书馆同伴教育服务的构建和发展。     

国际上同行评议典型做法及对我国的启示

同行评议一直是最权威、最有效的科学评价方式,美国、日本、欧盟等发达国家和国际组织都建立较为完整的同行评议制度,制定同行评议政策法规,建立标准化的评议流程,针对不同类型的项目采取不同评议方法。面对科技创新高质量发展的新要求、新任务,本文从加强相关法规体系建设、建立规范化的同行评议准则、构建完善的同行评议专家库、探索因项制宜的同行评议方式、大力营造良好的同行评议生态环境等方面对规范和完善我国同行评议制度提出对策建议。     

Peer victimization,deviant peer affiliation and impulsivity: Predicting adolescent problem behaviors

Abundant evidence has demonstrated an association between peer victimization and adolescent problem behaviors. However, there is a large gap in knowledge about the potential mediators that associate peer victimization with problem behaviors and the potential moderators that exacerbate or buffer this association. The current study examined whether deviant peer affiliation mediated the association between peer victimization and problem behaviors and whether the direct and indirect associations were moderated by impulsivity. A sample of 1401 adolescents (50.1% boys, 11–14 years old) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding peer victimization, impulsivity, deviant peer affiliation, and problem behaviors. Gender, age and socioeconomic status (SES) were controlled for in the analyses. Structural equation models showed that peer victimization was significantly associated with more problem behaviors, and this association was mediated by deviant peer affiliation. Impulsivity moderated both the direct association (peer victimization → problem behaviors) and the second stage of the indirect path (deviant peer affiliation → problem behaviors). Specifically, these associations were especially stronger for adolescents with higher impulsivity. Identifying the processes by which peer victimization is associated with adolescent problem behaviors has important implications for an integrative framework of theory and prevention.     

自尊的心理结构与作用

一直以来，自尊以其对人类社会生活和个体精神生活的独特作用倍受心理学家的关注。但时至今日，关于自尊的定义仍有分歧，而对自尊的结构也有过去的静态、单一的描述性观点发展到当前的动态、多维结构。同时，自尊作为个体自我系统的核心成分，对个体的学业、人际关系、主观幸福感、心理健康等均有着重要的影响。     

论谭纶对汤显祖戏曲创作的影响

明代名臣谭纶与杰出戏剧家汤显祖同为江西临川名人,虽然年龄差辈,未曾谋面,然而两人却书信往来.青年汤显祖十分仰慕家乡名将谭纶的英雄气概和兵备武功,谭纶的英雄业绩和爱国精神对汤显祖"临川四梦"战争描写产生积极影响,谭纶引进海盐腔、繁荣家乡戏曲艺术的功绩为汤显祖晚年戏曲创作与演出活动提供十分有益的条件.     

Individual and contextual factors in ethical decision making: A case study of the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history

This case study is written for instructors of sport management courses focused on ethics and integrity-related issues in team environments. The case highlights the real world example of the University of Waterloo Warriors varsity football that, in 2010, experienced the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history, with a total of nine anti-doping rule violations asserted through the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport. This case study also incorporates the findings of an independent review of the Waterloo football program in relation to the use of banned substances, and includes first-hand accounts from Bob Copeland who was the acting director of athletics. These findings are then interpreted in the context of relevant theory related to performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) use. Along with the findings of this review, which included interviews with athletes, coaches, and administrators, the case study provides important insights into ethical decision making processes and leadership structures in a team sport environment. Particular emphasis is placed on the role that individual cognitive antecedents and contextual organizational factors (i.e., policies, leadership, ethical climate, and infrastructure) play in ethical decision-making processes.     

浅谈网络对大学生的负面影响

随着计算机网络的飞速发展,网络对当代社会的影响在日益加强。大学生作为一个特殊的群体在学习方式、身心发展、思想道德修养等方面受到网络的影响也在日益加强。并且这些影响具有复杂性、变化的复合性以及问题的隐蔽性等特点。本文主要分析阐述了网络对当代大学生身心发展的消极因素。希望对广大青年学生正确客观地对待网络有所裨益。