气候变化对植物物候影响的研究进展

影响物候期变化的因子主要有生物因素和环境因素,后者对物候期影响更显著,其中气温、光照和水分是最主要的影响因子.目前对物候学的研究方向主要集中在探讨物候与气候变化之间的关系.研究表明,随着近年气温的升高,植物生长季延长、春季物候期提前、秋季物候期推迟成为一种全球趋势.欧洲国际物候观测园1959年～1996年间的资料表明,植物春季物候期提前了6.3天,秋季物候期推迟了4.5天,生长季长度延长10.8天.归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料显示,在过去20年内,欧亚地区植物生长季延长了18天左右、北美延长了12天.针对我国而言,采用全国物候观测网的物候观测资料与气象资料进行统计分析,建立物候与年平均气候的线性统计模式,利用该模式计算表明:年平均温度每上升1℃,我国各种木本植物物候期,春季一般提前3天～4天,而秋季一般推迟3天～4天,绿叶期延长6天～8天.     

Maize seed coatings and seedling sprayings with chitosan and hydrogen peroxide: their influence on some phenological and biochemical behaviors

Objective:To evaluate the effect of chitosan(CH) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) seed coatings and seedling sprinklings on two different maize varieties by measuring their phenology,the H2O2 presence,the catalase(CAT) activity,and the protein quantity.Methods:Seven groups of ten seeds for each maize variety were treated with CH(2%(20 g/L) and 0.2%(2 g/L)) or H2O2(8 mmol/L) by coating,sprinkling,or both.Germination and seedling growth were measured.One month after germination,the presence of H2O2 in seedlings in the coated seed treatments was evaluated.Protein content and CAT activity were determined under all treatments.Results:H2O2 seed coating enhanced the germination rate and increased seedling and stem length in the quality protein maize(QPM) variety.Seedlings had a higher emergence velocity under this treatment in both varieties.CH and H2O2 sprinklings did not have an effect on seedling phenology.Exogenous application of H2O2 promoted an increase of endogenous H2O2.CH and H2O2 seedling sprinkling increased the protein content in both maize varieties,while there was no significant effect on the CAT activity of treated seeds and seedlings.Conclusions:CH and H2O2 enhance some phenological and biochemical features of maize depending on their method of application.