Personal reactions to ‘strange’ situations: Attachment styles and acculturation attitudes of immigrants and majority members

A growing number of studies examine the influence of individual factors on acculturation attitudes of immigrants, but few studies focus on majority members’ attitudes. In this paper, two studies are reported on the relation between attachment styles and acculturation attitudes of both immigrants (N=177) and majority members (N=243) in the Netherlands. Until now very few studies have associated cultural adjustment with attachment styles. This is remarkable, because attachment theory refers to interaction with others in new situations. Four different styles of attachment (the secure, dismissing, preoccupied and fearful attachment styles) are related to Berry's classification of acculturation attitudes. People, both immigrants and majority members, with a secure attachment style were positive towards integration, whereas people with a dismissing attachment style were not. Dismissing immigrants were more positive towards separation. Whereas both immigrants and majority members with a secure attachment style showed a similar pattern of correlations between attachment and acculturation, they seem to react quite differently, and even in opposite ways, when they have a preoccupied attachment style. Yet, the different reactions may be caused by the same psychological process: The existential ambivalence of preoccupied people may lead to diverse reactions.     

A study of Attachment Disorders in young offenders attending specialist services

Attachment disorders, specifically Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) are disorders associated with neglect and abuse in which people have significant difficulties relating to others. This study aims to explore Attachment Disorder symptoms and diagnoses in young offenders and factors that may be associated with them such as mental health problems. A cross-sectional design was used with 29 young people who were known to Intensive Services, aged 12–17 (M = 16.2, SD = 1.3), 29 carers and 20 teachers. They completed measures investigating symptoms of Attachment Disorders and psychopathology. Eighty-six percent of the young people had experienced some form of maltreatment and the rates of an actual or borderline Attachment Disorder was 52%. A positive correlation between Attachment Disorder symptoms and other mental health problems (as rated by carer-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties Score), accounting for 36% of the variance was found, with a large effect size (r_s = 0.60). Attachment Disorder symptoms were associated with hyperactivity and peer relationship problems.     

科尔沁地名与地域文化

地名是一类特殊的词汇,地名中包含着丰富的地域文化内涵。科尔沁独特的地域文化集中体现在作为语言的特殊成分的地名上。在科尔沁土语中，很多地名与农耕定居生活方式有关，但还有不少地名保留了传统游牧文化及旧时喇嘛教的痕迹，甚至我们通过科尔沁土语中的地名也可以了解到从前的科尔沁地区良好的生态状况。     

回归“家园意识”——试论曾繁仁的城市生态建设观

随着工业化进程的加速,工具理性的泛滥,当下的城市建设日益缺失了"家园意识"。对此,曾繁仁认为,城市的生态建设中应贯彻三个人本化原则:其一,将城市建设中被排挤出去的自然重新请回到城市中来,并赋予自然以应有的地位;其二,强化"场所意识",努力营造各种有利于人与人交流的场所;其三,保留城市的人文景观,让城市成为每个人的精神依归与栖息之所。     

旅游者场所依恋的形成机制及其管理启示

旅游者所依恋的形成机制及其对旅游地的管理启示正逐渐成为旅游界关注的焦点。文章从＂场所依恋＂形成的逻辑基础着手,提出了旅游者所依恋的形成机制：旅游者通过偶然性和意向性学习,习得了关于场所（旅游地）的信息,在个人价值系统判断的基础上形成一阶依恋。旅游者到场所开展旅游活动后,所产生的情感依恋和行为依恋,合称为二阶依恋。同时,也可能产生依恋转移,依恋转移会削弱甚至消退一阶依恋。根据旅游者场所依恋的形成机制,从符号消费、场所神圣化等角度进行了详细讨论,进而分析了提升旅游者场所依恋水平的一般技术线路。     

Use of place information for improved event tracking

The main purpose of topic detection and tracking (TDT) is to detect, group, and organize newspaper articles reporting on the same event. Since an event is a reported occurrence at a specific time and place and the unavoidable consequences, TDT can benefit from an explicit use of time and place information. In this work, we focused on place information, using time information as in the previous research. News articles were analyzed for their characteristics of place information, and a new topic tracking method was proposed to incorporate the analysis results on place information. Experiments show that appropriate use of place information extracted automatically from news articles indeed helps event tracking that identify news articles reporting on the same events.     

Attachment insecurity accounts for the relationship between maternal and paternal maltreatment and adolescent health

ObjectivesMaltreatment is linked with poor health outcomes. Attachment and affect regulation may mitigate the long-term impact of these adverse experiences on health outcomes. Little is known about the relative impact of maternal versus paternal maltreatment and interparental violence (IPV) on general health status of female and male youth.MethodThe present study examined the impact of exposure to maternal and paternal emotional and physical maltreatment, neglect, IPV, and cumulative maltreatment exposure in adolescence on general physical health problems reported five years later. High-risk youth (N = 179; Mage = 15.34, SD = 1.53; 46.4% female) self-reported maltreatment experiences, attachment insecurity, and affect dysregulation at Time 1; and affect dysregulation and physical health five years later at Time 2.ResultsAttachment insecurity accounted for the effect of maternal and paternal emotional maltreatment, and maternal and paternal cumulative maltreatment exposure, on physical health. Additionally, attachment insecurity accounted for the effect of paternal neglect on physical health. Further sex differences were found with regard to maltreatment type and are discussed.ConclusionBoth maternal and paternal maltreatment in adolescence predicted poor general health five years later via attachment insecurity. Youth who lack a secure attachment with their parents are most vulnerable to these impacts.     

Welcome or not? – Natives’ security feelings,attachment and attitudes toward acculturation of immigrants

Cultural diversity due to immigration has become a key topic in many societies today. The question of how the native population experiences these developments is of prime importance for intercultural relations and sets the base for acculturation of immigrants. Drawing on attachment and multiculturalism research, we supposed here that general and specific feelings of security might be related to more positive attitudes toward cultural diversity, whereas feelings of threat might be related to less openness. More precisely, the present study investigated how natives’ general attachment (secure or fearful) as well as their specific feelings of (cultural or economic) security might be related to their expectations about acculturation of immigrants in the multicultural context of Luxembourg. The sample included N = 134 Luxembourg nationals with an average age of M = 45.02 (SD = 17.41) who filled out an online questionnaire. Results revealed that self-reported fearful general attachment was positively related to more unwelcoming acculturation orientations. Relations between general attachment and acculturation orientations were mediated by feelings of cultural security, which had strong effects on host nationals’ (un)welcoming acculturation orientations over and above general attachment. Findings suggest that (un)welcoming orientations toward immigrants, entailing openness for cultural contact and exchange, are related to feelings of cultural and economic security which are partly biased by a general secure or fearful attachment. Feelings of security seem thus to provide a secure base for tolerance and openness to cultural diversity which are needed in order to deal successfully with the challenges of today’s multicultural societies.     

Associations among Attachment Style,Maintenance Strategies,and Relational Quality across Cultures

Previous research has suggested that attachment style is an indicator of relationship behavior and perception universally across cultures; however, research comparing the effect of attachment style on relational maintenance in culturally distinct societies is still non-existent. The present study investigated the effect of the secure or insecure attachment style on commonly used relational maintenance strategies and desired relational features in three geographically distant cultures: the US mainland, Hawaii, and South Korea. Results indicated that as predicted, regardless of culture, secure attachment style was associated with higher ratings of relationship quality (trust, commitment, liking, control mutuality, and satisfaction) and the self- and partner-perceived uses of Stafford and Canary's (1991 Stafford, L and Canary, DJ. 1991. Maintenance strategies and romantic relationship type, gender and relational characteristics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8: 217–242. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) relationship maintenance strategies. Culture did not change the effect of attachment style on the dependent factors; however, culture, as an independent factor, contributed to the variance in the self-/partner-perceived maintenance strategies and relationship quality.     

"在+NP+V+N"句式诸构成因素相互关系的考察

“在＋NP＋V＋N”是汉语中一种颇有研究价值的句式。本文从“在＋NP＋V＋N”句式诸构成因素相互关系的角度切入,根据N的移动情况对“在＋NP＋V＋N”句式进行了分类,在此基础上考察了N与NP的关系,V与NP的关系,指出各构成因素在语义特征上的对照性及句式内部的系统性。