The funerary klinai of tomb 1 from Amphipolis and a sarcophagus from ancient Tragilos, eastern Macedonia: a physico-chemical investigation on the painting materials

Optical and SEM-EDS microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and micro FT-IR spectroscopy investigations of the funerary klinai (couches) of Tomb 1 from Amphipolis and a stone sarcophagus from ancient Tragilos—two painted monuments made by Macedonian craftsmen of the Early Hellenistic period—identified the original materials and painting technique, as well as synthetic materials used as consolidants during past restoration treatments. The original organic binders and the superficial modern coatings have been identified by micro FT-IR spectroscopy applied directly to the sampled powders or tiny fragments and to their solvent—soluble fractions. The pigments identified on the couch of Amphipolis are: red and yellow ochre, cinnabar, Madder lake, paratacamite and antlerite, carbon black, calcium carbonate, kaolin and gypsum. The identification of egg and animal glue confirms the application of tempera and secco techniques. The detection of polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinyl acetate and alkyd resins, is related to modern restoration products. The pigments attested on the paintings of the Tragilos' sarcophagus are: red and yellow ochre, Egyptian blue, malachite, carbon black, calcium carbonate and gypsum. The absence of organic binders combined with the constant presence of calcium carbonate in all the examined samples suggests the use of lime as the binding medium in the painted decoration of the sarcophagus. The presence of Paraloid B72 is related to recent conservation treatments.     

硅橡胶(PDMS)—聚砜(PS)复合渗透膜的氧氮透气性和渗透过程

用扫描电镜观察了多孔PS膜和PDMs—PS复合膜的断面结构形态,认为复合膜中的PS柱状孔是支撑层,PS界面的微孔层和PMDS的均质涂层组成的双层结构是影响复合膜透气性的主要结构。提出了理论分析的模型与透气量的计算公式,计算结果与实测值基本相符。测定了氧、氮、空气在不同温度下透过PDMS均质膜和PDMS—PS复合膊的透过系数P或透气速率J,给出了lgP或lgJ与1/T符合Arrhenius公式的线性关系。研究了操作参数对复合膜富集空气中氧的影响规律。