Sexual abuse predicts functional somatic symptoms: An adolescent population study

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of childhood sexual abuse on medically not well explained or functional somatic symptoms (FSSs) in adolescents. We hypothesized that sexual abuse predicts higher levels of FSSs and that anxiety and depression contribute to this relationship. In addition, we hypothesized that more severe abuse is associated with higher levels of FSSs and that sexual abuse is related to gastrointestinal FSSs in particular. This study was part of the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS): a general population cohort which started in 2001 (N = 2,230; 50.8% girls, mean age 11.1 years). The current study uses data of 1,680 participants over four assessment waves (75% of baseline, mean duration of follow-up: 8 years). FSSs were measured by the Somatic Complaints subscale of the Youth Self-Report at all waves. Sexual abuse before the age of sixteen was assessed retrospectively with a questionnaire at T4. To test the hypotheses linear mixed models were used adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, anxiety and depression. Sexual abuse predicted higher levels of FSSs after adjustment for age sex and socioeconomic status (B = .06) and after additional adjustment for anxiety and depression (B = .03). While sexual abuse involving physical contact significantly predicted the level of FSSs (assault; B = .08, rape; B = .05), non-contact sexual abuse was not significantly associated with FSSs (B = .04). Sexual abuse was not a stronger predictor of gastrointestinal FSSs (B = .06) than of all FSSs. Further research is needed to clarify possible mechanisms underlying relationship between sexual abuse and FSSs.     

Sentinel events predicting later unwanted sex among girls: A national survey in Haiti, 2012

Sexual violence against children is a significant global public health problem, yet limited studies exist from low-resource settings. In Haiti we conducted the country's first, nationally representative survey focused on childhood violence to help inform the development of a national action plan for violence against children. The Haiti Violence Against Children Survey was a household-level, multistage, cluster survey among youth age 13–24. In this analysis we sought to determine whether sexual violence sentinel events (unwanted sexual touching or unwanted attempted sex) were predictive of later unwanted, completed, penetrative sex in Haiti. We also sought to explore characteristics of sentinel events and help-seeking behavior among Haitian children. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations between sentinel events and later unwanted, completed, penetrative sex. Overall, 1,457 females reported on experiences of sexual violence occurring in childhood (before age 18). A sentinel event occurred in 40.4% of females who experienced subsequent unwanted completed sex. Females experiencing a sentinel event were approximately two and a half times more likely to experience later unwanted completed sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.40, p = .004) compared to individuals who did not experience a sentinel event. The mean lag time from first sentinel event to first unwanted completed sex was 2.3 years. Only half (54.6%) of children experiencing a sentinel event told someone about their experience of sexual violence. Among children, sentinel events occur frequently before later acts of completed unwanted sex and may represent a useful point of intervention. Reporting of sexual violence by children in Haiti is low and can be improved to better act on sentinel events.     

Incidence and situational factors surrounding sexual assault against delinquent youths

This study reports the results of extensive interviews with an intact sample of moderately delinquent adolescents concerning their sexual assault histories. Findings indicate a surprisingly high incidence of victimization among the females interviewed which, the authors suggest, may characterize the larger population of delinquent females. The behavioral-situational contexts of reported victimization experiences are examined for salient commonalities and the following composite rape scenerio can be cast from the data: An unsupervised, 14-year-old female, who has been consuming alcohol or marijuana, is sexually assaulted, following threat and/or force, to the point of penile-vaginal penetration, by an older male friend or acquaintance (who has also consumed alcohol or marijuana) in his home or vehicle or other place where she is inherently unprotected. Some comments are offered concerning the requirements of an effective technology of child rape prevention.     

Narrativizing trauma,activating awareness: Iris Chang’s The Rape of Nanking and its afterlives

ABSTRACT

When Iris Chang published The Rape of Nanking in 1997, exactly sixty years after the Nanjing Massacre, the subtitle The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II, called attention to one of the greatest human tragedies in the twentieth century. As a powerful historic reminder, The Rape of Nanking aims “to understand the event so that lessons can be learned and warnings sounded.” This paper focuses on Chang’s role as a writer/fighter who uses words to fight forgetfulness with a forceful narrative concerning one of the most dreadful traumas in the collective psyche of the Chinese people. It produces quite a number of “afterlives,” including different Chinese translations in Taiwan and mainland China, a nanking winter (2008), a play by the second-generation Chinese Canadian playwright Marjorie Chan, Nanjing Requiem (2011), a novel by the first-generation Chinese American novelist Ha Jin, and The Nanjing Massacre: Poems (2013), a collection of poems by the third-generation Chinese Hawaiian poet Wing Tek Lum. Furthermore, the docudrama Iris Chang: The Rape of Nanking (2007), directed by Bill Spahic and Anne Pick, presents a filmic representation of the short fascinating life of this passionate writer. This paper discusses how Chang, role as a writer and activist, fights against amnesia with remembrance as well as her rich legacy to the world across linguistic, generic, and semiotic boundaries. Chang’s text and its afterlives strive to give voice to those nameless war victims as a step towards truth, justice, reconciliation, and peace.     

油菜汇油50稀植栽培研究

本文研究了汇油 5 0不同密度下的生育特性、产量表现及产量构成。在每公顷 30 0kg左右纯氮 ,密度4.5～ 7.5万株 /公顷稀植条件下 ,每公顷产量可达 2 90 0kg左右 ,比对照增产 1 1 .9%～ 1 6 .2 %。     

Body mass index and anxiety/depression as mediators of the effects of child sexual and physical abuse on physical health disorders in women

The relation between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and physical health disorders in adulthood, and what factors may serve as mediators, remains poorly understood. Using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 3,486), we tested whether CSA was associated with physical health disorders in adult women and if mediated effects via body mass index (BMI), anxiety/depression, alcohol dependence, and smoking were present. Compared to women with no CSA, women who had experienced CSA involving intercourse had more than twice the odds of being obese, more than 3 times the odds of experiencing mental health disorders, more than 4 times the odds of being alcohol dependent, more than 5 times the odds of being drug dependent, and more than 6 times the odds of attempting suicide. Those experiencing both CSA and child physical abuse (CPA) were on average over 11 kg heavier than those with neither CSA nor CPA. After controlling for demographics, CPA, and childhood bullying, CSA was associated with the majority of physical health disorders studied (typically 50–100% increases in odds). Evidence was found consistent with mediation by BMI (typically accounting for 5–20% increases in odds) and anxiety/depression (typically accounting for 8–40% increases in odds), in a dose-response manner, for the majority of physical health disorders. Bidirectional relations among these mediators and physical health disorders, and residual confounding, may have led to overestimation of mediation through BMI and anxiety/depression and underestimation of mediation through alcohol/smoking. Relations between both CPA and childhood bullying and physical health disorders in adulthood were also found. Longitudinal studies employing more sensitive measures of potential mediators are now required.     

“嫖宿幼女罪”的“存废之争”——基于一种博弈的立场

嫖宿幼女罪因仅量刑过短深深刺激着民众的道德神经,为此民众纷纷要求改革直至取消该罪的存在．与此同时,法律精英群体却与民众展开了“角力战”,认为嫖宿幼女的存在有其自身的合理性和正当性。二者的激烈碰撞让立法者与司法者似乎感到“无所适从”,陷入了一种选择困境．为此,在二者博弈的基础上,应将嫖幼罪修改为‘对儿童的性侵犯罪”,以使该罪能在最大限度保护未成年人的同时,又给予潜在的罪犯最大的震慑与规制。     

油菜不同部位每角粒数差异研究

对油菜不同品种相同部位以及同一品种不同部位每角粒数差异进行了研究.结果表明:不同品种间每角粒数存在显著差异,同一品种不同部位的每角粒数存在显著差异,并将其划分为多粒区、中粒区和少粒区.为品种间性状比较以及进行定位选种、留种和育种提供了参考.     

施硼对高产油菜新品种秦油2号的防病增产效果

在缺硼上壤上进行秦油２号移栽穴内底施硼肥（６．０—１８．０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２硼砂）和蕾苔期喷施硼肥（１．５—７．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２硼砂）试验。结果表明：移栽穴内底施硼肥以施用１５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２硼砂增产幅度最大，增产达４８７．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２，增幅２０．１％；蕾苔期喷施以施用４．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２硼砂增产幅度最大，增产达２６５．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２，增幅１１．０％；“花而不实”诛率、裂茎株率均随施硼砂量的增加而下降，菌核病发生率与硼肥用量无关。