温和渐进以变革——自张元济编辑出版理念观其文化态度

张元济投身并主持商务印书馆,通过编辑出版活动切实提高国民文化素养,为社会变革奠定了有益的思想基础.文章从坚持开启民智的编辑出版诉求、秉持精进大度的文化精神、奉行义利兼得的效益观等方面分析了他如何在编辑出版实务中贯彻渐进改良的文化态度,担当推动中国近现代文化变迁的使命.     

Government expenditure on education,economic growth and long waves: the case of portugal

This article examines a group of five ink, pen and wash drawings produced by the Anglo‐Swiss artist Henry Fuseli in the mid‐eighteenth century in Zurich. The drawings were produced for a Narrenbuch (Book of Fools) uniting visual images of folly with humorous slogans. The drawings are significant in that they imitate sixteenth‐century print culture and pedagogic literary genres based around the figure of the fool by humanist writers such as Sebastian Brant and Erasmus. The article argues that Fuseli’s conception of the Narrenbuch was a criticism of the ascetic methods of teaching employed at the Carolinum Collegium where he was training to become a Reformist Minister before he later became a well‐known artist in Britain. Furthermore, it argues that the Narrenbuch was also supposed to function as a type of male conduct book, thereby revealing the significant contribution Fuseli’s early works made to visual modes of instruction. By showing the extent to which Fuseli’s early drawings borrow from historical precedents and attitudes of Zurich intellectuals, the artist’s role as pedagogue is considered. By using Fuseli as a case study, the article suggests that artists often do more than “just” produce works of a didactic nature; rather their working methods, formalistic concerns and intellectual environment can all contribute to the potential pedagogic implications of their works.     

周素园对革命道路的探索与实践

周素园作为一个进步的爱国主义者,他矢志于中华民族的独立、自由事业.面对苦难深重的社会现实,面对迷茫麻木的平民百姓,他著书立说,摇旗呐喊,以唤起大多数人的觉悟.他在其朋友及革命同志的帮助下,努力探索革命道路,在走过改良主义,民主主义之后,最终牢固地树立了坚定的共产主义信念,并积极投身于中国社会主义建设的具体实践.