客观知识的基本性质

客观知识具有创新性、中介性、可编码性、可传递性、无损耗性、可共享性、可加工性、不确定性等基本特性。认识这些基本性质 ,有助于理解知识、理解图书馆学和图书馆工作。参考文献 13。     

Managing Uncertainty for Preventive Conservation

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how conservators engage with uncertainty when creating preventive conservation strategies. It argues that by recognising contexts in which uncertainty will be encountered conservators can develop effective management strategies. A typology of uncertainty explores a range of categories of uncertainty, their experience in preventive conservation and identifies distinct approaches to manage them. Managing uncertainty may include acts of defining its parameters, exposing and resolving through communication or protecting from with contingency. Whatever approach is adopted it must be accepted that uncertainty cannot be avoided. It is important therefore to aim to live well with uncertainty and the paper advocates for preventive conservation applications of strategies recommended in health care for patients with life-threatening illnesses. These strategies include working on things that can be controlled, goal setting, acceptance and factoring in emotions. The ability to identify contexts in which uncertainty is inbuilt should trigger those concerned with preventive conservation to activate strategies developed for managing and living well with uncertainty.     

Relational Maintenance in the Digital Age: Implicit Rules and Multiple Modalities

The present project utilized a mixed methods approach to examine how individuals use CMC to maintain proximal relationships. Nine different communication channels were examined concurrently to elucidate how frequently mediated relational maintenance is used and to examine what participants reported in terms of motives for use and avoidance of particular channels. Findings indicate that participants in proximal relationships are hyper-aware of the amount of intimacy implied by a particular communication channel and strategically engage channels to suit their needs. We propose that relationships will be difficult to maintain if people violate the implicit rules that appear to govern channel selection.     

减少不确定性与含糊交际理论在交际中的运用

语言交际是一种复杂的人类言语行为,交际者根据交际目的、环境,对象以及各种随机因素的交互作用而作出言语决策.语言交际策略的使用不但要遵循顺应理论的原则,而且还受元语言意识的影响.减少不确定性和含糊交际,作为大家经常使用的交际策略,它们的最终目的都是实现信息的交换,满足交际者的需求,顺利完成交际任务.     

Regarding uncertainty in teachers and teaching

The literature on teacher uncertainty suggests that it is a significant and perhaps inherent feature of teaching. Yet there is disagreement about the effects of these uncertainties on teachers as well as about the ways that teachers should regard them. Recognition of uncertainties can be viewed alternatively as a liability or an asset to effective teaching. Findings from the literature on uncertainties in teaching are summarized and analyzed, including explanations in the research about what accounts for and contributes to uncertainties. Recommendations for research and professional development are provided.     

制造业生产调度体系探讨

论文以制造业生产调度体系为研究对象,从生产车间调度的目标、方法、手段、资源等基本要素入手,总结了传统生产调度系统在实际生产中的问题,并概括了系统集成视角下的生产调度方法及其改进措施,介绍了不确定条件下生产调度策略及评价指标。运用系统集成的思想,探讨了供需链环境下的制造业生产调度系统模式,最终提出了生产调度系统的集成化、动态化、高效智能化、柔性化和排程可视化等发展方向。     

BHP:孤独症患者观点采择训练新方法

观点采择是个体社交能力的基础.关系框架理论RFT认为观点采择是一种操作性行为,其核心是包含人际、空间及时间三个维度的直证关系反应.基于RFT的评估和训练方案BHP采用多范例的方式来训练直证关系反应,从而促进观点采择.采用BHP方案训练孤独症儿童观点采择的多项研究发现,该方案能有效提升被试的观点采择能力,并有较好的维持和...     

Associations among Attachment Style,Maintenance Strategies,and Relational Quality across Cultures

Previous research has suggested that attachment style is an indicator of relationship behavior and perception universally across cultures; however, research comparing the effect of attachment style on relational maintenance in culturally distinct societies is still non-existent. The present study investigated the effect of the secure or insecure attachment style on commonly used relational maintenance strategies and desired relational features in three geographically distant cultures: the US mainland, Hawaii, and South Korea. Results indicated that as predicted, regardless of culture, secure attachment style was associated with higher ratings of relationship quality (trust, commitment, liking, control mutuality, and satisfaction) and the self- and partner-perceived uses of Stafford and Canary's (1991 Stafford, L and Canary, DJ. 1991. Maintenance strategies and romantic relationship type, gender and relational characteristics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8: 217–242. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) relationship maintenance strategies. Culture did not change the effect of attachment style on the dependent factors; however, culture, as an independent factor, contributed to the variance in the self-/partner-perceived maintenance strategies and relationship quality.