基于网页摘要分析的元搜索引擎研究*

针对目前搜索引擎返回结果的海量性，构建一个元搜索引擎，旨在高效利用多个成员搜索引擎返回的结果。介绍元搜索引擎的基本架构及当前结果融合的主要方法，应用统计学方法研究网页标题、网页摘要与网页文本之间的相关性关系，从而确定相关度权值进行结果相关性判断。实验证明，元搜索引擎搜索结果的平均准确率比各个成员引擎的搜索结果平均准确率都有较大提高。     

基于角色的数字图书馆知识产权初始推定

本文从数字图书馆的角色出发，简要分析了数字图书馆可能遇到的知识产权问题以及基于其角色的知识产权初始推定.     

Can constrained relevance feedback and display strategies help users retrieve items on mobile devices?

Searching online information resources using mobile devices is affected by small screens which can display only a fraction of ranked search results. In this paper we investigate whether the search effort can be reduced by means of a simple user feedback: for a screenful of search results the user is encouraged to indicate a single most relevant document. In our approach we exploit the fact that, for small display sizes and limited user actions, we can construct a user decision tree representing all possible outcomes of the user interaction with the system. Examining the trees we can compute an upper limit on relevance feedback performance. In this study we consider three standard feedback algorithms: Rocchio, Robertson/Sparck-Jones (RSJ) and a Bayesian algorithm. We evaluate them in conjunction with two strategies for presenting search results: a document ranking that attempts to maximize information gain from the user’s choices and the top-D ranked documents. Experimental results indicate that for RSJ feedback which involves an explicit feature selection policy, the greedy top-D display is more appropriate. For the other two algorithms, the exploratory display that maximizes information gain produces better results. We conducted a user study to compare the performance of the relevance feedback methods with real users and compare the results with the findings from the tree analysis. This comparison between the simulations and real user behaviour indicates that the Bayesian algorithm, coupled with the sampled display, is the most effective. Extended version of “Evaluating Relevance Feedback Algorithms for Searching on Small Displays, ” Vishwa Vinay, Ingemar J. Cox, Natasa Milic-Frayling, Ken Wood published in the proceedings of ECIR 2005, David E. Losada, Juan M. Fernández-Luna (Eds.), Springer 2005, ISBN 3-540-25295-9     

关联理论与跨文化交际会话含义的理解

Sperber ＆ wilson的关联理论将交际看作一种认知活动,试图从人的认知特点和过程山发,揭示交际规律.关联理论使跨文化交际中的语用会话含意推导摆脱了Grice合作原则的束缚,也从认知的角度探讨了礼貌现象,为跨文化交际中话语的理解提供了新的理论依据,有助于解释跨文化语言交际活动中出现的语用失误与交际失败现象.     

语用模糊的认知分析

语用模糊就是交际过程中的交际参与者对意义的表述或者解释不确定的种种现象。文章从认知视角,用关联理论(Relevance Theory)和空间复合理论(Space Blending Theory)对语用模糊现象进行分析探讨,以解释言语交际中出现的语用模糊的认知心理过程。     

科学假说和艺术想象

科学和艺术是人类在社会发展过程中所创造的精神财富。表面上如此遥远的两大文化领域 ,却有着久远的亲缘关系 ,而且显示着共同的美感。这其中包括科学假说和艺术想象显示的空灵美。     

无罪推定原则视野下的证明责任分配

无罪推定原则作为刑事诉讼制度中的一项基本原则,要求由控诉方承担证明责任。但是基于一系列诉讼价值的考量,针对一些特殊案件或者特殊事实,法律规定在诉讼中实行证明责任倒置,由被告人承担证明责任。为了更好地保障人权,证明责任倒置的情形必须以法律的明文规定为依据。目前,我国刑事法律关于此类的规定太少,期待将来能够进一步改善。     

医疗损害赔偿分析

医疗损害赔偿是指因医疗损害而引发的、对患者造成的损害所应承担的民事赔偿责任。医疗损害的理论基础应采用侵权行为；其归则原则应采用一般过错推定原则，实行举证责任倒置。医疗损害赔偿的范围应包括直接损害赔偿、间接损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿，赔偿请求人应包括患者本人或与其有密切关系的近亲友。另外，我国也应加快对医疗损害赔偿的立法的完善。     

A review of ontology based query expansion

This paper examines the meaning of context in relation to ontology based query expansion and contains a review of query expansion approaches. The various query expansion approaches include relevance feedback, corpus dependent knowledge models and corpus independent knowledge models. Case studies detailing query expansion using domain-specific and domain-independent ontologies are also included. The penultimate section attempts to synthesise the information obtained from the review and provide success factors in using an ontology for query expansion. Finally the area of further research in applying context from an ontology to query expansion within a newswire domain is described.     

试析新课标背景下中学英语教学设计模式"三阶段"

随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的不断深入,改变传统教学设计模式、转变教研方式、优化教学设计、提高教师备课能力、促进教师的专业化发展,已经成为我们教研工作中的当务之急.本文试从中学英语教学设计的"前设计"、"中设计"、"后设计"三个方面,初步探讨新课标背景下中学英语教师个性化的教学设计及备课方法.