Childhood sexual abuse by representatives of the Roman Catholic Church: A prevalence estimate among the Dutch population

Estimates of the extent of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) within in the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) in the general population are difficult to find. The independent Commission of Inquiry into sexual abuse of minors in the RCC in the Netherlands collected population-based data to estimate its prevalence. A large random online population sample was surveyed using a two-phase stratified sampling procedure. In Phase 1, 34,267 subjects aged 40 years and older were screened for childhood exposure to sexual abuse by non-family members, a history of institutionalization and a Roman Catholic upbringing. In Phase 2, a stratified subset of 2,462 subjects was assessed to obtain more detailed target information about sexual abuse reports within the RCC. We employed multiple imputation for the estimation of RCC CSA in the original Phase 1 sample. The prevalence of non-familial CSA in general (14.0%) was higher among women (17.2%) than among men (10.6%). The prevalence of CSA within the Dutch RCC (1.7%) was higher among men (2.7%) than among women (0.7%). As expected, older subjects reported more often CSA in the RCC than their younger counterparts. Respondents who stayed for some time in RCC run institutions for education or child protection had a higher risk to report sexual abuse. Although sexual abuse of minors by representatives of the RCC was a structural problem during a period that the Church was highly influential in the Netherlands, the estimated prevalence of the phenomenon is only a fraction of the prevalence rate of non-familial CSA.     

从《诗经》看周人的宗教哲学观

集周代社会诗歌文大成的《诗经》 ,既是我国古代的一部光辉文学著作又是周代社会的一部百科全书。然而前人多从文学的角度去研究其价值 ,而很少涉及到它所反映的其他社会内容 ,例如周人的宗教哲学观等。从《诗经》的大量篇章中 ,论证周人宗教哲学观在《诗经》的表现并进而分析周人之宗教哲学与殷人宗教哲学的相承相因相革的关系 ,从而论述周人宗教哲学反映于《诗经》的内容 ,是周人对殷人宗教哲学的继承和发展。     

英汉委婉语与跨文化交际

本从跨化交际的角度出发，对英、汉语中委婉方法进行比较。指出：社会习俗；化背景、宗教信仰等引起英、汉委婉语在语言形式和思维模式方面的差异，以及对跨化交际的影响。     

中世纪天主教信仰的仪式化

第四次拉特兰宗教会议为天主教会规定了统一的礼拜仪式 ,七项礼拜仪式将天主教宗教信仰演绎成各种外在的物化仪式。在当时社会文化水平低下 ,识字人口不多的情况下 ,这种仪式化的祈祷方式有助于天主教徒学习并感知天主教的基本教义。七项礼拜仪式与教徒的日常生活密切相关 ,定期出席礼拜仪式是中世纪天主教徒的生活方式。英国中世纪教会借助于强制性地要求教徒出席礼拜仪式的办法 ,实现对社会日常生活的规范。然而宗教信仰的仪式化导致世俗身份的教徒在宗教信仰上对教会的依赖 ,天主教最终演变成了以教职界精英为中心的宗教信仰。这种发展趋势是引发 1 6世纪欧洲宗教改革的原因之一 ,马丁·路德首倡的“唯信称义”主张在很大程度上是为了纠正中世纪天主教重礼仪、轻信仰的倾向 ,将基督教还原成普通民众的宗教信仰     

Religious students in a public-secular college: feeling unique in a milieu of diversity

ABSTRACT

The current study examined the case of religious students who opted to study in a secular teacher-training college despite the fact that there are religious colleges that would have suited their needs. This phenomenon is unusual because the education system in Israel is segregated and each educational sector has its own teacher-training colleges. Findings of this qualitative study indicate that the majority of participants did not wish to depart from the religious framework, but rather sought to forge reciprocal relations with the secular society and carve a space for themselves where they could express their identity, which does not entirely conform to the demands of the religious society. These findings highlight an interesting dynamic that developing between students from a minority group and the mainstream secular society in Israel that promotes multiculturalism. An academic campus that adopts a multicultural approach is a safe space for minority students, whose sectorial framework does not fully provide for all their needs.     

Religious discrimination discourse in the mono-cultural school: the case of Poland

The article forms an analysis of the religious discrimination discourse in Polish public schools, with special attention paid to the culturally specific, Polish understanding of the notion of religious discrimination. The introductory part presents the concept of religious discrimination as present in anti-discriminatory policies. The following part outlines the Polish system of religious education and its relation to the religious discrimination. Studies on religious discrimination in Poland are presented and discussed. Important context is supplied by a presentation of two recent cases of religious discrimination in Polish public schools, and the actions undertaken by the Freedom from Religion Foundation. Authors of the article point out the important influence of cultural context on the perception of religious discrimination. The attention is drawn to the seemingly homogenous environment of the Polish school and of the discriminative discourse used in political and social debates. The analysis shows that the presence of religion as a subject in Polish schools remains a cause of conflict between the religious and atheist citizens, a conflict in which concepts of religious discrimination and religious freedom are used as arguments by both sides.     

苏慧廉与中国宗教文化的西传

传教士出身的汉学家自明末利玛窦以来不计其数,然而像苏慧廉这样在中西宗教文化交往中影响深远的汉学家并不多。苏慧廉致力于中西文化交流及对中国宗教的研究,尤其是在中国宗教经典研究及翻译领域。苏氏早期的汉学研究是直接服务于在中国的福音传布,致力于基督教与中国社会文化的会通;后期的汉学研究则透过著书翻译和讲座,促进中西宗教文化交流,尤其是在佛教的西传方面做出很大贡献。     

Inter-religious feelings of Sunni and Alevi Muslim minorities: The role of religious commitment and host national identification

This paper examines inter-religious attitudes from the perspective of Muslim minorities living in Western Europe. We examine both Sunni and Alevi Muslims of Turkish origin living in Germany and the Netherlands, and focus on their global feelings towards multiple religious out-groups (Christians, Jews, Muslim out-group, and non-believers). We hypothesize that Sunnis would dislike religious out-groups more than Alevis, and that these group differences in religious out-group feelings can be explained by group differences in host national identification and the three B’s of religious commitment: belonging (religious identification), behaviour (religious practices), and belief (liberal values). Sunnis were found to be rather negative towards Alevis, and Alevis were even more negative towards Sunnis. Furthermore, as expected, Alevis had more positive feelings towards Christians, Jews and non-believers, and this was related to their stronger host national identification, lower religious group identification, lower involvement in religious practices, and stronger endorsement of liberal values. We conclude by pointing at the need to distinguish between subgroups of Muslims instead of treating them as a uniform collective.     

Cultural Identification and Religious Identification Contribute Differentially to the Adaptation of Australian Adolescent Muslims

Australian Muslims are generally perceived as a devalued group in Australia and the public attitudes towards them are generally negative. This context raises questions about belonging and adaptation among Australian adolescent Muslims. The current study investigated how adolescent Muslims relate to their heritage culture, religion, and Australian culture, and which of these three factors is most important to adolescent Muslims’ psychological and socio-cultural adaptation. The study employed a mixed-method design. A total of 321 high school Muslim students (149 males and 172 females) aged between 14 and 18 years completed self-report questionnaires, and a subset sample of 18 students in the same age range, evenly split between males and females, participated in semi-structured interviews. The study revealed a hierarchical pattern of identification among Australian adolescent Muslims, with attachment to their religion being the most important, followed by heritage culture identification and being Australian in third place. Australian adolescent Muslims’ religious identification was perceived overall as more crucial to their socio-cultural and psychological adaptation, than their heritage culture identification or Australian identification. There was an overall modest contribution of Australian identification to adolescent Muslims’ adaptation. This might be connected with the relatively less attachment they show to their Australian identity due maybe to perception of being the target of prejudice, an issue that can be addressed by implementation of prejudice reduction strategies.     

西北少数民族地区依法行政研究——论宗教文化对政府依法行政的影响及对策

西北少数民族地区主要存在藏传佛教、伊斯兰教两大宗教文化圈,其对西北民族地区政治、经济、文化和社会发展有着深远的影响。就政府依法行政而言,其既有促使政府行为发展的一面,又有对政府行为制约的一面,消除其对政府依法行政的不利影响,促使其与社会主义法治相适应,对西北民族地区而言有着重要的现实意义。