灌溉水矿化度对玛纳斯流域棉花生长影响的试验研究

合理利用咸水资源对缓解干旱区绿洲农业用水矛盾有重要意义。本文于2010年和2011年在石河子大学节水灌溉试验站研究了矿化度为0.87、2、3、4、6、8g/L的咸水对土壤水盐动态和棉花生长及产量的影响。结果表明,咸水灌溉导致土壤剖面持续积盐,棉花叶面积指数减小,干物质积累减少、产量下降;灌溉水矿化度每提高1g/L,产量降低约391kg/hm2;土壤根系层(0～60cm)可溶性盐浓度每升高1g/L,产量降低约861kg/hm2。在灌溉水矿化度2g/L情况下,100cm土层盐分最大累积率2010年为113%,2011年为26%,呈下降趋势,棉花生长、干物质积累及产量受影响较小,可作为该区咸水利用调控参考阈值,指导农业生产。     

松嫩平原盐碱性湿地渔业开发途径

松嫩平原是我国重要的农业生产基地,盐碱性湿地分布广,面积大,是该区农业发展的主要限制因素之一。结合近年来吉林省农业综合开发项目和“八五”国家攻关项目的实施,本文从渔业利用方面,初步总结了吉林省白城地区及松原地区盐碱性湿地开发的实践经验,报道9种开发利用途径及其主要技术。     

盐碱地及其立法问题思考——以河北沧州为例

我国盐碱土分布广泛,对盐碱土进行整理是增加耕地资源的重要手段,是土地整理的重要组成部分。对确保粮食安全、提高土地资源利用率、保护和改善生态环境、推进农业和农村现代化、加强农业基础地位等方面具有重要意义。本文从河北沧州盐碱地的现状及成因入手,进而提出中国现行的法律法规对盐碱地污染与防治规制的不足。在此基础上,对建立或完善我国的盐碱地污染与防治的法律法规进行分析与探讨。     

Effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production in desalinized soil in Heilonggang region of North China

Freshwater shortage is the main problem in Heilonggang lower-lying plain, while a considerable amount of underground saline water is available. We wanted to find an effective way to use the brackish water in winter wheat production. Surface mulch has significant effect in reducing evaporation and decreasing soil salinity level. This research was aimed at comparing the effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production. The experiment was conducted during 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Four treatments were setup： （1） no mulch, （2） mulch with plastic film, （3） mulch with corn straw, （4） mulch with concrete slab between the rows. The result indicated that concrete mulch and straw mulch was effective in conserving soil water compared to plastic film mulch which increased soil temperature. Concrete mulch decreases surface soil salinity better in comparison to other mulches used. Straw mulch conserved more soil water but decreased wheat grain yield probably due to low temperature. Concrete mulch had similar effect with plastic film mulch on promoting winter wheat development and growth.     

冬季咸水结冰灌溉对滨海盐碱地的改良效果研究

冬季利用地下苦咸水(9.59g/L)对滨海盐碱地进行咸水结冰灌溉,灌溉水量为180mm,咸水融化入渗完成后覆以地膜以防止返盐(T),以不灌溉同期覆膜的地块作为对照1(CK1),以不做任何处理的地块作为对照2(CK2)。种植作物为棉花。结果表明,冬季咸水灌溉结冰、春季咸水冰融化入渗后土壤各层次脱盐效果明显。春季咸水冰融水入渗后,T处理0～20cm土壤表层含盐量由灌水前的0.69%降低到0.39%,脱盐效率为43.5%,显著高于CK1和CK2;而CK1和CK2由于受冬季土壤冻融积盐和春季强烈蒸发影响,0～20cm土壤表层出现强烈的积盐,土壤平均含盐量分别从0.63%和0.58%增加到1.44%和1.27%;在棉花播种期,T处理的土壤表层含盐量为0.31%,而CK1和CK2土壤表层含盐量分别为0.65%和0.98%。由于T处理的土壤含盐量低,适于棉花的播种出苗,播种后出苗率达76.8%,最终籽棉产量达3700.17kg/hm2;而CK1和CK2由于土壤含盐量高,几乎没有棉花出苗,最终棉花绝收。     

Molecular analysis of microbial community in a groundwater sample polluted by landfill leachate and seawater

INTRODUCTION In some coastal cities of China, municipal solidwaste (MSW) is ultimately landfilled at seashorezones with cheaper land-value and less disturbance tonearby residents. These seashore landfills wereusually constructed without appropriate liners toprevent percolation of leachate into underlyingaquifers. Dramatic hydrochemical changes in theseaquifers have been detected as a result of the highorganic load of leachate. Furthermore, these aquiferswere inevitably infiltrated by sea…     

自发性高血压大鼠与盐性高血压大鼠在心肌肥厚时ATP酶活性变化

目的 :探讨不同类型高血压在心肌肥厚过程中Na+-K+-ATPase活性的变化。方法 :用酶测定的定方法。测定自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR )和盐性高血压大鼠 (SD)的心肌Na+-K+-ATPase的活性。结果 :自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR )和盐性高血压大鼠的心肌Na+-K+-ATPase的活性明显降低。结论 :伴有心肌肥厚的高血压大鼠Na+-K+-ATPase的活性明显降低。     

Saline conducted electric coagulation (SCEC): original experience in experimental hepatectomy

Objective  

To evaluate the feasibility and superiority of a new coagulating and hemostatic method named “saline conducted electric coagulation (SCEC)”.     

盐湖化工自动化采卤决策支持系统研究

在分析采卤系统卤水采集现状和井采生产实际需求的基础上,为解决信息获取不足、决策方案制定缺乏科学性等问题,应用云计算、智能决策支持系统等理论设计盐湖化工自动化采卤决策支持系统,从系统的需求分析、功能结构设计、体系架构构建、数据库设计等方面进行了描述,阐述了系统的应用情况。该系统的构建提高了采卤系统生产自动化管理水平,实现了盐湖井采自动化安全生产,为工作人员提供科学准确的分析和决策支持。