The Power and Function of Images in Northern Europe During the Migration Period

ABSTRACT

In the fifth and early sixth centuries, numerous objects in northern Europe were decorated in a particularly consistent visual style (‘Germanic Animal Style I’). This article argues that we should treat these images not simply as representations of cultural notions, but as an active part in the process of creating a shared elite identity, formed during a particular period of historical crisis.     

The Norden Associations and international efforts to change history education, 1919–1970: international organisations,education, and hegemonic nationalism

During the interwar period, a number of organisations started to look into education as part of an attempt to understand how nationalism was fuelled through education and to what extent it had forced the outbreak of the Great War. In response to nationalism and a perceived need for reformation of national narratives, the school subjects of history and geography became the primary suspects as advocates of chauvinism and militarism. In 1919, associations for the promotion of understanding and cooperation between the Scandinavian countries – the Norden Associations [föreningarna Norden] – began investigating history textbooks. This revision of textbooks was expanded in the 1930s to explore, assess, and develop the entire teaching of history in the Nordic countries. The Norden Associations converged on many levels with the disparate international movements for educational change. This article presents the Norden Associations as part of a process of hegemonic isomorphism in which cultural hegemony set the institutional boundaries within which the organisations could work in order to attain legitimacy. The article demonstrates how an organisation with a specific political agenda, and with only limited international objectives came to be – not only a part of – but, to some extent, an organisational role model for loftier efforts aimed at global and cosmopolitan history teachings.     

略论北欧地区的神话

北欧神话起源于对太阳和自然的生成能力的崇拜，其形成时期相对晚于世界其他几大神话体系，是斯堪的纳维亚地区所特有的。北欧神话是个多神系统。具有一些世界其他地区神话中所不具备的特点。     

解读斯堪的纳维亚产品设计

本文详细介绍了斯堪的纳维亚产品设计的特点及发展历程。通过对瑞典、丹麦、芬兰三国的著名设计师及其代表作品的详细介绍和深入剖析,进一步探讨现代产品设计的发展方向。     

国外图书馆全面质量管理的实施与进展

ＣＬＡＳＳＮＵＭＢＥＲＧ２５１５０年代,日本的企业首先开始实施全面质量管理。到８０年代,全面质量管理不仅在世界工业界得到普遍应用,政府部门、教育科研机构、图书馆也纷纷引进全面质量管理。尤其是美国、英国、北欧四国、澳大利亚等经济发达国家的图书馆,在全面...     

Archival education in scandinavia

In the Scandinavian countries, archival education and training are provided by a great number of actors. There are no traditional archives schools in the sense of the école de chartes but all the other forms of education and training are available. Archival science has a strong presence in universities especially in Sweden, Finland and Norway. A typically Scandinavian characteristic is the prominent role of the National Archives Services as providers of archival education and training. In Finland the National Archives Service has two comprehensive programmes, resulting in formal degrees, for people working in archival duties in the administration or in the private sector. Another markedly Scandinavian characteristic is that records management has a prominent role in educational and training programmes. Also archival associations and foundations are mong the actors in the field of education and training in Scandinavia. The Norwegian “Arkivakademiet” and the Finnish Association of Business Archivists are good examples of this.     

A Modified News Micropayment Model for Newspapers on the Social Web

This theoretical article explores the idea of small, per-article payments for the newspaper industry. The article examines existing academic and industry literature on micropayments, as well as explores underlying theories in media management and economics, marketing, behavioral economics, sociology, computer information systems, and mass communication. The authors propose a “Modified News Micropayment Model” that contains 4 primary drivers that make the idea of micropayments a feasible and attractive idea for news industries in the Social Web environment—socialization/sharing, a microearn component, local focus, and a centralized banking system. The model is presented and discussed, and future directions for research are offered.     

School district administrators’ perspectives on the professional activities and influence of special educators in Norway and Sweden

The purpose of this study is to investigate school district administrators' perspectives concerning the professional activities and influence of special educators in Norway (n?=?266) and Sweden (n?=?290). We examine three themes drawn from a survey of practices and policies in each country: (a) the organisational arrangements in which special educators work, (b) perceived changes in special educators' activities, and (c) ratings of special educators' influence on the content of instruction and the availability of resources for children with special needs. Findings suggest that special educators frequently work in teams, function largely as advisors, and spend less time working with individual students than in previous years. There appears to be a more pronounced increase in special educators’ time devoted to advising and documentation in Sweden than in Norway. Swedish special educators were also more frequently described as working in multidisciplinary teams. Participants in both countries rated the influence of special educators significantly higher than that of parents and teachers on the availability and distribution of resources; and significantly higher than politicians, public officials, teachers, and parents with regard to influence over the content of instruction. We discuss these findings in relation to the goals and development of inclusive education in Scandinavia.     

中国民族传统体育文化在北欧传播的受众特征分析

通过对中国民族传统体育文化在北欧传播的受众特征分析,研究文化传播的影响因素与传播受众不同层次的需求现状,为中国民族传统体育文化在北欧的顺利传播提供相对客观的理论支持与数据支撑。采用文献资料、数理统计等方法,研究中国民族传统体育文化在北欧传播的受众特征。从事项目训练的北欧民众,年龄集中在19～29岁,青少年儿童(18岁以下),以及中老年人(45岁以上)参与度低;参与动机更多出于兴趣与爱好(23.04%)与健身娱乐(22.62%);训练的频率与习惯受当地气候影响较大,同时工作习惯与生活方式起到了决定性作用。在官方或是民间合作的意向上,芬兰与瑞典兼而有之、发展平衡;丹麦属于官方冷,民间热的发展模式;挪威与冰岛尚处于寻找合作伙伴期,发展的前景并不明朗。     

二战时期围绕挪威战争英瑞双方的战略分歧及原因

第二次世界大战期间,鉴于斯堪的纳维亚半岛重要的战略地位,英国意欲将其纳入英国的作战系统,以达到分担盟国西线战场的压力和增加英国本土国防安全系数的目的。取得斯堪的纳维亚半岛实力最强的瑞典的合作,是英国实现这一战略的关键因素。之前英国做过种种谋求瑞典合作的计划都未曾如愿。挪威战争爆发后,英国再度劝说瑞典对德参战,但由于多种复杂原因仍旧没有成功。