科学家国际化识别研究

[目的/意义] 面向国内科学家国际化学术交流需求的步步逼近,研究建立中国科学家国际化识别的解决方案。[方法/过程] 分析人名唯一标识符的发展特征和研究者识别国际规范的发展趋势,基于ORCID研究提出中国科学家的国际化标识服务方案。[结果/结论] 创建中国科学家在线--iAuthor,提供中国科学家"全球学术身份证"标识服务,并嵌入科研工作流的投稿、文章发布、存储等环节。iAuthor目前注册用户已超过15 000人。大数据时代下不同系统的信息精确识别和互操作,将依赖于更多重要中间组件,例如国际唯一标识符。iAuthor建立的中国科学家国际标识符服务,将可能支持更多来源的信息资源在研究型图书馆实现融汇和互操作。     

管理学部青年科学基金项目后评估的分析与研究

根据国家自然科学基金委管理科学部1998-2003年获批青年科学了统计分析.根据分析结论与存在的问题,有针对性地提出相应的政策建议,以更好地发挥青年科学基金项目后评估的导向作用,进一步优化青年科学基金的资助格局.     

我国女性科技人才高端缺失原因分析

从女性科技人才在不同学科领域分布差异、性别歧视和传统文化等三个方面研究对女性科技人才发展的影响,通过数据分析、调查问卷和博弈分析等方法和手段,发现女性在数学能力的天然劣势和传统文化对女性角色定位等影响女性科技人才的发展。     

Science Teachers’ Views and Stereotypes of Religion,Scientists and Scientific Research: A call for scientist–science teacher partnerships to promote inquiry-based learning

Despite a growing consensus regarding the value of inquiry-based learning (IBL) for students’ learning and engagement in the science classroom, the implementation of such practices continues to be a challenge. If science teachers are to use IBL to develop students’ inquiry practices and encourage them to think and act as scientists, a better understanding of factors that influence their attitudes towards scientific research and scientists’ practices is very much needed. Within this context there is a need to re-examine the science teachers’ views of scientists and the cultural factors that might have an impact on teachers’ views and pedagogical practices. A diverse group of Egyptian science teachers took part in a quantitative–qualitative study using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews to explore their views of scientists and scientific research, and to understand how they negotiated their views of scientists and scientific research in the classroom, and how these views informed their practices of using inquiry in the classroom. The findings highlighted how the teachers’ cultural beliefs and views of scientists and scientific research had constructed idiosyncratic pedagogical views and practices. The study suggested implications for further research and argued for teacher professional development based on partnerships with scientists.     

学科教育应渗透科学家教育

科学家高尚的情操、科学精神、坚强的意志和科学的方法是人类宝贵的精神财富,也是极重要的教育资源。学科教学结合具体内容,渗透科学家教育,能产生特别的教育效果。     

A Geohistorical Study of ‘The Rise of Modern Science’: Mapping Scientific Practice Through Urban Networks, 1500–1900

Using data on the ‘career’ paths of one thousand ‘leading scientists’ from 1450 to 1900, what is conventionally called the ‘rise of modern science’ is mapped as a changing geography of scientific practice in urban networks. Four distinctive networks of scientific practice are identified. A primate network centred on Padua and central and northern Italy in the sixteenth century expands across the Alps to become a polycentric network in the seventeenth century, which in turn dissipates into a weak polycentric network in the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century marks a huge change of scale as a primate network centred on Berlin and dominated by German-speaking universities. These geographies are interpreted as core-producing processes in Wallerstein’s modern world-system; the rise of modern scientific practice is central to the development of structures of knowledge that relate to, but do not mirror, material changes in the system.

试论感性与科学家

在科学家的发明创造过程中，仅仅有理性是不够的，在某种意义上感性、灵感和直觉尤为重要，它是实现发明创造关键的一环。“科学假说的产生源于超逻辑的直觉或灵感。”“逻辑是证明的工具，直觉是发明的工具”。章将“感性潜质与科学家的关系”作为立论前提，通过“科学理论框架的构建与感性、伽利略创立的科学语言与感性、爱因斯坦相对论与感性和哥德尔不完全性定理与感性”，阐述科学家发明创造中感性思维的重要性。     

Turning Crisis into Opportunity: Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry as Illustrated in the Scientific Research on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Interviews with key scientists who had conducted research on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), together with analysis of media reports, documentaries and other literature published during and after the SARS epidemic, revealed many interesting aspects of the nature of science (NOS) and scientific inquiry in contemporary scientific research in the rapidly growing field of molecular biology. The story of SARS illustrates vividly some NOS features advocated in the school science curriculum, including the tentative nature of scientific knowledge, theory-laden observation and interpretation, multiplicity of approaches adopted in scientific inquiry, the inter-relationship between science and technology, and the nexus of science, politics, social and cultural practices. The story also provided some insights into a number of NOS features less emphasised in the school curriculum—for example, the need to combine and coordinate expertise in a number of scientific fields, the intense competition between research groups (suspended during the SARS crisis), the significance of affective issues relating to intellectual honesty and the courage to challenge authority, the pressure of funding issues on the conduct of research and the ‘peace of mind’ of researchers, These less emphasised elements provided empirical evidence that NOS knowledge, like scientific knowledge itself, changes over time. They reflected the need for teachers and curriculum planners to revisit and reconsider whether the features of NOS currently included in the school science curriculum are fully reflective of the practice of science in the 21st century. In this paper, we also report on how we made use of extracts from the news reports and documentaries on SARS, together with episodes from the scientists’ interviews, to develop a multimedia instructional package for explicitly teaching the prominent features of NOS and scientific inquiry identified in the SARS research.

19世纪中后期美国环境保护意识的产生

新航路开辟后,美洲丰富的自然资源吸引了大量欧洲人来到新大陆,移民们开始了开发、利用自然的历程。但是人们在征服自然过程中却带来了资源、环境的巨大破坏。面对如此情况,人们的环保行为在殖民地时期开始出现。19世纪中后期自然资源破坏加速,一些自然主义者和科学家们深入自然调查,他们从思想上和实践上引导人们关注自然资源保护。此时,美国政府和人民也开始积极参与环保活动,美国人民的环境保护意识产生。