Acrylic emulsion paint films: The effect of solution pH,conductivity, and ionic strength on film swelling and surfactant removal

To date, a limited number of aqueous conditions have been tested experimentally as potential cleaning reagents on modern acrylic paint films. Those assessed have tended to extract measurable quantities of paint film components and distort the paint films physically. In this paper the results of a series of experiments designed to examine pH, conductivity, and specific ion effects of potential aqueous cleaning solutions on a series of commercial acrylic paints are reported. A three-dimensional microscopic technique was used to characterize the physical (volume and surface roughness) changes and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the chemical (extracted surfactant) changes following paint film exposure to the aqueous solution. The tested paint films in this study clearly exhibit an isotonic point below which swelling and extraction is significant, and above which the swelling and extraction is diminished. Manipulation of conductivity and the ionic species in solution can reduce both the physical film changes and surfactant extraction from acrylic paint films; while pH appears to be of limited use in controlling aqueous cleaning effects. Moreover, there seems to be a specific ion effect for both swelling and de-swelling in acrylic paint films that can be rationalized through the Hofmeister Series.     

环氧—丙烯酸乳液涂料的研究(Ⅱ)

通过将环氧树脂接枝到甲基丙烯酸聚合物上,成功地合成出一种水乳型环氧丙烯酸涂料。并在本论文(Ⅰ)的基础上就胺用量对涂料性能的影响进行了考察。同时,为了改善漆膜性能,降低成本,我们又对在环氧丙烯酸树脂中加入第二种聚合物对涂料性能的影响进行了研究。所得样品主要性能均可达到美国样品的水平。     

瓦楞纸用水性油墨的研制

以自制丙烯酸乳液为连结料,添加碳黑色浆,消泡剂,流平剂,增稠剂、成膜助剂制备了水性油墨,对水性油墨的细度、耐水性、光泽度等指标进行了测试,结果表明：水性油墨的各项指标符合工业标准。     

乳化液泵的研究现状与发展

乳化液泵是流体传动领域的重要研究方向,符合节能、环保、可持续发展的要求,具有很广泛的应用前景。该文阐述了乳化液泵的发展历史,并介绍了国内外的研究进展,以及乳化液泵在国民经济中各个领域中的应用。     

新型金属切削液的研制

根据金属切削液的基本理论和发展趋势,针对金属切削乳化油存在的不足,提出了采用20#机械油作基础油、采用精脂酸和松香与混合碱(NaOH和KOH按1∶1质量比形成的混合物)反应后形成的混合皂作乳化剂、采用低分子醇(如乙醇)作乳化稳定剂、加入复合型的防锈剂和极压剂来生产新型金属切削液方案,通过单因素实验方法和正交实验方法对乳化剂、防锈剂、稳定剂和极压剂进行了比选,确定出了适宜的乳化剂、防锈剂、稳定剂和极压剂及其用量．     

乳状液膜法处理苯胺废水的实验室研究

研究了苯胺水溶液的乳化液膜处理过程,对溶剂和表面活性剂的选择及用量、膜增强剂用量、搅拌速度、乳水比(Rew)、油内比(Roi)、外相pH值及处理时间的影响进行一系列的研究.结果表明,在适宜的操作条件下,当水中苯胺浓度为510.8 mg/L时,经过一级液膜处理,水中苯胺的含量可降到1.405 mg/L,苯胺去除率可达99%以上,达到国家二级排放标准.     

腈纶废水的微波处理研究

应用微波技术对腈纶废水进行了降解处理,考察了反应时间、微波功率、溶液的酸碱性及催化剂对降解反应的影响,并考察了最佳反应条件下腈纶废水的可生化性能．实验结果表明,微波法处理腈纶废水的最佳条件为:反应时间为20s,功率为中档,初始pH=3-5;二氧化锰和二氧化钛两种催化剂对降解反应的催化效果比较明显,当每1L废水中加入1g此催化剂,pH=3-6时,化学需氧量(COD)去除率可达60％．     

测试乳化炸药水相溶液析晶点的几点建议

本文从生产实践出发,阐述了析晶点测试过程中误差产生的原因,并提出了建议,从而进行调整与改进,以保证产品质量。     

The evolution of Lucio Fontana's painting materials

Abstract

The study focuses on the range of pigments and media that the Italian artist Lucio Fontana (1899–1968) employed for selected works dating between 1949 and 1968. Samples were taken from ten groups of works, all on canvas support, as well as from painting equipment that survived in the artist's former two studios. Techniques of analysis used were pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for media identification, and laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Raman microspectroscopy for pigment identification. Fontana's reputation as a daring and experimental artist, best known for his group of slashed paintings called tagli, is seen to correspond with certain unusual material choices he made. The study also points to several links that exist between seemingly unrelated cycles. These links are, among others, based on experiences with in part novel media such as oil, alkyd, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic, acrylic–vinyl, and mixtures of them. With regard to pigments, the selection of samples showed that they were mostly of a synthetic organic nature.     

水乳型液体地板蜡的研制

在一定条件下,几种阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂复配乳化石蜡可制得水乳型液体地板蜡。此种蜡乳液粒子均匀、高度分散、贮存稳定、应用广泛。