Adolescents’ motives for selling sex in a welfare state – A Swedish national study

In addition to money or other compensation, other motives for selling sex may be important in a welfare country such as Sweden. The aim of this study was to carry out an exploratory investigation of adolescents’ motives for selling sex in a population-based survey in Sweden. A total of 5839 adolescents from the third year of Swedish high school, mean age 18.0 years, participated in the study. The response rate was 59.7% and 51 students (0.9%) reported having sold sex. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify groups of adolescents according to underlying motives for selling sex. Further analyses were carried out for characteristics of selling sex and risk factors. Three groups of adolescents were categorized according to their motives for selling sex: Adolescents reporting; 1) Emotional reasons, being at a greater risk of sexual abuse, using sex as a means of self-injury and having a non-heterosexual orientation. 2) Material but no Emotional reasons, who more often receive money as compensation and selling sex to a person over 25 years of age, and 3) Pleasure or no underlying motive for selling sex reported, who were mostly heterosexual males selling sex to a person under 25 years of age, the buyer was not known from the Internet, the reward was seldom money and this group was less exposed to penetrative sexual abuse or using sex as a means of self-injury. In conclusion, adolescents selling sex are a heterogeneous group in regard to underlying motives.     

性别、体质量与学生体育成绩的成因探讨

以 2 0 0 1年全校初一新生为研究对象 ,通过对其性别、体质量、体育成绩的分析 ,科学阐述性别、体质量这2项因素与体育成绩的成因关系。结果表明 :性别、体质量对体育成绩的影响在统计学上具有非常显著和显著性的差异 (P <0 0 0 0 1,P =0 0 0 2 4)。女生成绩明显优于男生 (女生 =75 83± 10 71,男生 =67 72± 10 51) ,体质量位于中等和中上者的学生成绩相近 ,2组均优于上等组 (中等组 =74 2 4± 10 58,中上组 =73 87± 12 54,上等组 =68 60± 10 82 )。     

不同年龄性别学生健身运动参与动机的探讨

健身运动是促进人类健康的有效途径。通过采用文献资料、问卷调查等方法,以青少年学生为研究对象,调查学生对健身运动的认知、爱好以及参与程度,分析社会因素和心理中介与学生健身运动参与动机之间的关系,对青少年学生健身运动参与动机进行深一层次的探讨,旨在为学校体育教学提供理论参考依据。     

社区体育的起点研究

为研究科学合理地划分社区体育，不失时机地抓好社区体育的起点问题，在调查我省社区体育建设的初步实践基础上，用调查访问法和因素分析法，对目前可行的社区体育的几种类型进行科学论证，提出了结合当前各地社区体育的实际，可供具体优选和应用的几种社区体育的类型。     

递增负荷运动过程中ER、PR水平的变化及其与性腺类固醇的关系

低性腺类固醇水平是AMi的重要特征之一.为了探讨低性激素环境下ER（雌激素受体）、PR（孕激素受体）的变化特点及激素与受体间的相互影响作用关系，并探讨其在运动性月经失调中的作用机制，本研究对递增负荷运动过程中及4个恢复期后，大鼠子宫和卵巢ER、PR及血清E2、P水平的变化进行了连续监测.结果显示，血清E2、P随运动负荷量的加大而逐渐降低，组织ER、PR水平随运动负荷量的加大呈渐进性升高.受体水平在停训后的恢复期内随着E2、P水平的回升，逐渐回落.结果表明，运动中受体水平的变化可能为非激素依赖性升高，这种升高或许是机体对长期运动训练造成的低性激素环境的一种适应性反应，可能是AMI病理机制过程的重要一环.恢复期受体水平的恢复与E2水平的升高具有直接关系。     

普通高校学生体育意识、信念和行为的性别比较分析

通过对南京师范大学部分学生的体育意识、信念和行为的调查分析发现 ,与男生相比 ,女生的体育意识相对较差 ,心理、社会效果的信念较低 ,从而导致了运动参与水平的低下。调动女生参与运动的积极性是学校体育教育的一个努力方向     

9——18岁学生最大吸氧量的纵向研究

本文采用复盖式纵向研究法,对9—18岁男女学生的最大吸氧量进行连续4年的直接测定,分析研究了其自然发展规律及年龄、性别特征。     

中国人性别角色量表的建构及其与心理社会适应的关系

本研究的目的是建立中国人的性别角色量表，并探索不同性别角色类型的个体其心理社会适应水平的特点。研究一根据5000多名被试对中国人人格量表项目的反应挑选出男女被试有显著差异的项目，经过因素分析建立了各由30个项目组成，分别由七个和六个因素构成的中国人男性化和女性化量表，并据此将被试划分为未分化、女性化、男性化和双性化四种性别角色类型。研究二则比较了不同性别角色类型与心理健康的关系，表明在中国被试中双性化的个体心理社会适应水平最低、女性化个体心理社会适应最好。这一结果与Bem关于双性化的假设是截然相反的。本研究从中国文化与性别角色的关系对这一结果进行了解释，提出了中国文化是女性化文化，同时又是反男性化文化的假设，并对进一步研究的方向进行了讨论。     

Resiliency as a factor protecting youths from risky behaviour: Moderating effects of gender and sport

We hypothesised that resiliency may protect adolescents against risky behaviours, and that both the practicing of sports, and gender are moderating variables in relationships between resiliency and risky behaviours. The study included 18-year-old pupils from a selection of secondary schools (n = 556). A total of 188 individuals practiced competitive sports and the remaining 368 participants were non-athletes. The participants were examined with the Resiliency Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents (SPP-18) and with a survey containing questions and statements related to high-risk “experiments with adulthood”. Adolescent athletes showed higher levels of resiliency than their peers. The power of the “Determination and Persistence in Action” effect on “Alcohol” scale differed significantly between male athletes and male non-athletes. Only in the athletes groups were higher scores on this scale reflected by lower values on the “Drugs” scale. Moreover, it is possible to observe differences in undertaking risky behaviour between male and female athletes. The analysis of risky sexual behaviour suggests that sport is a risk factor for men, and a protective factor for women. These data suggest that consistent prophylactic and psycho-educative activities, with a special attention to differences between genders, should be provided to all the adolescents, irrespective of their sport performance levels.     

用单片微机8051设计的防盗报警系统

利用单片微机8051设计的防盗报警系统,包括硬件设计和软件设计两部分。该系统可用于宾馆、仓库等,它 能对受监测点进行自动监测,一旦出现盗情,能立即报警,并指示被盗的地点。