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In most mathematics textbooks, each set of practice problems is comprised almost entirely of problems corresponding to the
immediately previous lesson. By contrast, in a small number of textbooks, the practice problems are systematically shuffled
so that each practice set includes a variety of problems drawn from many previous lessons. The standard and shuffled formats
differ in two critical ways, and each was the focus of an experiment reported here. In Experiment 1, college students learned
to solve one kind of problem, and subsequent practice problems were either massed in a single session (as in the standard
format) or spaced across multiple sessions (as in the shuffled format). When tested 1 week later, performance was much greater
after spaced practice. In Experiment 2, students first learned to solve multiple types of problems, and practice problems
were either blocked by type (as in the standard format) or randomly mixed (as in the shuffled format). When tested 1 week
later, performance was vastly superior after mixed practice. Thus, the results of both experiments favored the shuffled format
over the standard format. 相似文献
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Norehan Zulkiply John McLeanJennifer S. Burt Debra Bath 《Learning and Instruction》2012,22(3):215-221
It is an established finding that spacing repetitions generally facilitates memory for the repeated events. However, the effect of spacing of exemplars on inductive learning is not really known. Two experiments using textual material were conducted to investigate the effect of spacing on induction. Experiment 1 and 2 extended the generality of recently observed spacing benefits to texts, regardless of whether they were visually or aurally presented. Interestingly, participants in both experiments judged massing to be more effective than spacing though their performance showed the opposite. Possible explanations for the superiority of the spaced condition over the massed condition in inductive learning, practical implications of the present study and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Despite showing robust benefits in lab-based research, there remain relatively few studies exploring the spacing effect in educational contexts with meaningful materials. In this study, participants (N = 169 undergraduate students) attended a simulated university lecture where they were presented with natural science curriculum material. Participants reviewed the material either one day or eight days after the lecture via an online review. Participants completed a final test on the material five weeks after each respective review. During the review and final test participants were asked both factual and higher-level (application) questions. Results showed that reviewing material eight days after the lecture led to better final test performance for both types of questions when compared to reviewing only one day after the lecture. This study suggests that spaced review is a robust and effective strategy that can be and should be adapted to classroom practice. 相似文献
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