Steiner and the Humours: The Survival of Ancient Greek Science

The paper reviews the way in which Steiner schools have attached importance to the categorisation of pupil character and behaviour, drawing on a tradition going back to ancient Greek science.     

斯坦纳与蒙台梭利幼儿社会化教育思想比较研究

鲁道夫·斯坦纳和蒙台梭利是20世纪著名的幼儿教育家,二者都注重培养儿童的社会认知、社会情感、社会行为及社会技能,使儿童养成良好的行为习惯,身心得到充分发展。在幼儿社会化教育的理论基础、目标任务、环境要素及组织形式上,二者既有共同之处,又各有侧重。对二者进行比较研究,对于更好地推动我国幼儿社会化教育的发展具有重要的现实意义。     

华德福体育思想管窥

华德福教育以身体的名义赋予儿童的“好动”以合理地位,认为过度的智力开发将伤害儿童的身体发育,身体是遗传和生命经历的共同产物,身体活动会通过心理体验作用于心理发展。其儿童身体教育思想体系包括强调机会、体验和胜任的身体教育原则;艺术化的身体教育理念;注重文化传递、人与自然和谐的身体教育内容;推崇游戏化的身体教育方式;强调模仿的作用。     

Using action research as a methodological tool: understanding teachers' understanding of science

A series of questions and answers between Jennifer Nias in her role as supervisor and Steve Waters-Adams as student explores the rationale for the inclusion of action research as a methodological tool within a wider PhD study. The study explored the effect of teachers' understanding of the nature of science on their teaching. In discussing the complexities of the research, Steve Waters-Adams suggests that action research provided a powerful means of gaining access to important tacit and dialectical aspects of teachers' practice. The discussion considers the process of action research, particularly with regard to the extent that its form and purpose may be defined, the importance of collaboration and the centrality of personal commitment. Steve Waters-Adams concludes that there is scope for subject-oriented research in education to make more use of action research as a methodological tool, given that the process engages with, and exposes for scrutiny, practitioners' values, aims and motives.     

Endorsed and Applied Rules of Relationships Reported by Teachers

Recent academic debates on the geography curriculum for schools have highlighted the need for more focus on how knowledge is socially produced. While this may help to bridge the gap between the school curriculum and epistemological developments in academia, it is unclear how such theoretical frameworks can improve pupils' learning about the world. In this paper theoretical approaches to knowledge are challenged by considering, from an alternative viewpoint, how pupils themselves act as knowledge producers. Drawing on the holistic educational philosophy informing the Steiner-Waldorf approach to curriculum knowledge and pedagogy, it is argued that subject knowledge needs to suit the way pupils' thinking naturally evolves, giving particular attention to the role that imagination and sense of wonder play in both the cognitive process and pupil engagement. The epistemological status of the pupil in geography education can therefore be enhanced by considering approaches to education that operate outside normal scientific and rational paradigms. This has relevance for the wider debate on more flexible, post-industrial forms of learning.     

一个改进的多播路由算法

Multicasting is a communication service that allows an application to efficiently transmit copies of data packets to a set of destination nodes. The problem of finding a minimum cost multicast tree can be formulated as a minimum Steiner tree problem in networks, which is NP-completeness. MPH (minimum path cost heuristic) algorithm is a famous solution to this problem. In this paper,we present a novel solution TPMPH (two phase minimum path cost heuristic) to improve the MPH by generating the nodes and the edges of multicast tree separately. The cost of multicast tree generated by the proposed algorithm with the same time as MPH is no more than that of MPH in the worst case. Extensive simulation results show that TPMPH can effectively improve the performance on MPH, and performs better in large-scale networks and wireless networks.     

从斯坦纳的翻译观看许渊冲的中国古典诗词英译

翻译哲学探究的是翻译（通常是文学翻译）的本质问题。翻译的哲学理论从哲学的角度透视翻译的问题,对翻译的过程和译者的角色进行思考。文章从斯坦纳的翻译哲学理论来看许渊冲的中国古典诗词英译,以阐述翻译哲学理论是如何体现在一位现代著名翻译家的实践活动中的。     

美国中小学特色学校研究——以华德福学校为例

美国华德福学校是理想与现实相互妥协的产物,即奥地利教育家鲁道夫·斯坦纳提倡的艺术化、个性化、平衡发展的教育理念在美国特定社会文化背景下的必要妥协。华德福学校与当前美国基础教育改革的关系在一定程度上体现为相互交织,华德福学校蕴含着美国当前基础教育改革所需要的精神,即强调教学艺术化、重视艺术素养和批判性思考能力的发展;同时华德福学校为适应宏观教育环境,在课程内容、教育方法等方面也做出一定的调整。     

Incorporating compactness to generate term-association view snippets for ontology search

A query-relevant snippet for ontology search is useful for deciding if an ontology fits users’ needs. In this paper, we illustrate a good snippet in a keyword-based ontology search engine should be with term-association view and compact, and propose an approach to generate it. To obtain term-association view snippets, a model of term association graph for ontology is proposed, and a concept of maximal r-radius subgraph is introduced to decompose the term association graph into connected subgraphs, which preserve close relations between terms. To achieve compactness, in a query-relevant maximal r-radius subgraph, a connected subgraph thereof with a small graph weight is extracted as a sub-snippet. Finally, a greedy method is used to select sub-snippets to form a snippet in consideration of query relevance and compactness without violating the length constraint. An empirical study on our implementation shows that our approach is feasible. An evaluation on effectiveness shows that the term-association view snippet is favored by users, and the compactness helps reading and judgment.     

关于E_0的Steiner邮路问题的转化求解

简述了图论中的中国邮路问题的求解方法,设法将有两个连通分支的子图转化为中国邮路问题,从而求解那些满足E0的Steiner邮路问题边界条件的两个连同分支问题。