基于“保管—实用性”原则的我国政府信息公开政策的内容体系研究

引入“保管—实用性”的政策原则,以《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》为样本,分析我国目前政府信息公开政策的内容体系。研究得出：我国信息公开政策在系统化和精细化建设等方面存在不足,政府信息资源的应用与服务体系尚未建立;我国信息公开政策的制定需要兼顾政府的保管职责及信息的实用性质。     

认识到自己位置的奥德修斯：从生态学角度解读《奥德赛》

尽管在从特洛伊返回伊萨卡岛的十年旅途中,奥德修斯与自然环境、自然事物和自然存在有着强烈的交融,但是,荷马史诗的评论者们却忽视了他在《奥德赛》中对自然再现的意义。文章赞同威廉·克罗农的观点：＂人类活动出现在由各种关系、过程和系统构成的网络中。这个网络既是生态的,也是文化的。＂本文认为,荷马在《奥德赛》中构建了一个物理环境,这个环境基于他对地中海的天气、独特的日相以及自然万物所具有的精确认识之上。在这种自然环境中,他的行为特征受到了考验、受到了挑战,不仅在生理上成长着,而且在心理上、道德上也成长着。文章采用了有机形态模式、管理者模式和人类中心模式,证明《奥德赛》承认人类生活的多种可能性,即遵照有机形态模式和管理模式的值得尊敬的原则而生活;但是,在他返乡途中,奥德修斯主要按照统治和剥夺的原则行动,而这正是人类中心主义的观点。这点在奥德修斯对库克洛普斯、波吕斐摩斯、基尔克岛上动物的攻击以及与太阳神的战斗中表现的尤为明显。在返乡之前,奥德修斯回归到他的动物天性,失去了他的文化属性;他再一次准备好去欣赏他的故乡,认可他与故乡诸多居民的关系,包括各种动物和与这些动物生活在一起的人们,尽管它们表面上是低级阶层。通过忠诚的养猪人欧迈奥斯及其父拉埃尔特斯,奥德修斯认识到管理者角色的重要意义,以及从事农业活动带来的人与自然之间的互惠互利。《奥德赛》作为一种文体在当代的流行表明,越来越多的叙事反映了从自我中心向生态中心视角转变的意义。     

Educating for Automation:

No abstract available for this article.     

Parent-Provider Communication and Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Ear Infections

Rising rates of antibiotic-resistant infections make reducing unnecessary antibiotic use for outpatient illness a key public health issue. This study examines the association between parent-provider communication and rates of antibiotic prescribing for their children’s ear infections. Participants (N = 70) were recruited from parents of patients (6 months–12 years) at a medical center whose children were diagnosed with ear infections or had ear symptoms with an upper respiratory tract diagnosis. Results showed that parent self-reports of going into great detail and asking many questions about their children’s symptoms were associated with greater antibiotic prescribing, as was not insisting on a particular test or treatment. Further, antibiotic prescribing was less likely when parents reported that providers encouraged them to offer opinions about the child’s medical treatment. Findings suggest that communication skills training is needed for both patients and providers to minimize potential misinterpretations and thereby avoid unnecessary antibiotic prescribing.     

Joining forces for public value creation? Exploring collaborative innovation in smart city initiatives

Creating public value is a key goal of public administrations, both in their daily business and in the growing field of smart government and smart cities, which focuses on IT-enabled innovations in the public sphere. However, many public administrations still struggle with such innovations due to complex technologies, high investments, and the numerous stakeholders involved. To address this issue, some local governments in continental Europe have turned to collaborative innovation approaches, partnering with (semi-)public utility companies in the hope that their additional innovation assets will boost innovativeness. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how exactly such collaborations should be governed to ensure that the focus remains on creating public value, as utility companies may have their own agendas. To explore this question, we conducted a comparative case study in the context of smart city initiatives with four cases in Swiss local governments. Drawing on agency and stewardship theory, we then propose a model of public-value-focused collaborative innovation, enabling us to explore various collaboration characteristics and their effects on public value creation. Our findings suggest that both agency- and stewardship-based collaborations increase innovativeness. However, while agency collaborations tend to produce smart city innovations that mainly serve the utility companies' business interests, stewardship relationships lead to innovations that are focused more on public value creation. As such, our study extends the literature on the effects of collaborative innovation on public value, and it provides practical recommendations on how such collaborative innovation should be designed.