Improvement of building field association term dictionary using passage retrieval

Field Association (FA) terms are a limited set of discriminating terms that can specify document fields. Document fields can be decided efficiently if there are many relevant FA terms in that documents. An earlier approach built FA terms dictionary using a WWW search engine, but there were irrelevant selected FA terms in that dictionary because that approach extracted FA terms from the whole documents. This paper proposes a new approach for extracting FA terms using passage (portions of a document text) technique rather than extracting them from the whole documents. This approach extracts FA terms more accurately than the earlier approach. The proposed approach is evaluated for 38,372 articles from the large tagged corpus. According to experimental results, it turns out that by using the new approach about 24% more relevant FA terms are appending to the earlier FA term dictionary and around 32% irrelevant FA terms are deleted. Moreover, precision and recall are achieved 98% and 94% respectively using the new approach.     

Expectations and recall of texts: The more able–more difficult effect

Expectations about self-competence and difficulty of a task to be undertaken can foster motivation and hence affect engagement, giving rise to individual differences in performance. This effect was examined in a memory task. An increase in recall performance following instructions about high competence was hypothesised; in addition, a modulating effect of instructions about easiness or difficulty of the material was expected. Two experiments were performed, in which expectations were established by giving instructions of high or low competence and easiness or difficulty of two texts: objectively, one easy, one difficult. The results showed that being given instructions about high competence raises performance if presented alone and if difficult texts are expected when the actual text is easy: the more able–more difficult effect.     

Comprehension of relations among controversial texts: effects of external strategy use

This study examined the effects of external strategy use on the comprehension of relations among controversial texts. About 80 undergraduates read six controversial texts for the purpose of either finding intertextual relations or forming their opinion about the controversial issue. Half of them were permitted to use external strategies, the other half were not. Results indicated that only when given a purpose of relation-finding did external strategy users perform better than non-users in the comprehension of intertextual relations. Readers with a purpose of relation-finding also outperformed readers with a purpose of opinion-forming when permitted to use external strategies. The use of external strategies had no influence on the recall of intratextual arguments, regardless of reading purpose. These results were discussed in terms of readers’ use of external strategies to serve their reading purposes.     

在线模式下学习者对语言产出及反馈信息关注程度的研究

通过对比在线与离线两种交流模式,观察在网络信息交流模式下实验者对语言产出和交互反馈式信息的关注程度,探究学习者反馈信息的类型和该模式下哪种反馈信息更容易被关注,从而发现学习者的关注在网络聊天模式下对语言学习会有哪些影响。     

Effects of a Problem-based Structure of Physics Contents on Conceptual Learning and the Ability to Solve Problems

A model of teaching/learning is proposed based on a ‘problem-based structure’ of the contents of the course, in combination with a training in paper and pencil problem solving that emphasizes discussion and quantitative analysis, rather than formulae plug-in. The aim is to reverse the high failure and attrition rate among engineering undergraduates taking physics. A number of tests and questionnaires were administered to a group of students following a traditional lecture-based instruction, as well as to another group that was following an instruction scheme based on the proposed approach and the teaching materials developed ad hoc. The results show that students following the new method can develop scientific reasoning habits in problem-solving skills, and show gains in conceptual learning, attitudes and interests, and that the effects of this approach on learning are noticeable several months after the course is over.     

Consumer response towards social media advertising: Effect of media interactivity,its conditions and the underlying mechanism

Marketers increasingly use social media platforms as a promotion channel, and doing this, they prefer highly interactive social media because it allows consumers to socialize and network better. However, in this media, attention is often restricted towards primary purpose only as a result of the level of interactivity, thereby affecting consumer response towards the advertisement(ad). In this setting, the study analyzes the role of media interactivity and the effects it has on the reaction of customers towards the social media ad. Further, the study also introduces the conditional role of message relevant aspects, such as message vividness and anthropomorphism, and examines the intervening role of flow experience. Results from a between-subjects study indicate that interactivity hurts the consumer ad reactions. It also suggests that the right use of message relevant aspects can mitigate these adverse effects. Thus, the study makes a significant contribution to the literature and practice regarding the effects of social media interactivity which is relatively recent and has been overlooked by past researchers.     

分类法检索在科技文献查新中的运用

文献检索有主题法与分类法两种基本途径,人们通常更习惯于直观的主题法检索.但由于科技词语一物多名与一词多义的普遍存在,单凭主题法检索难以达到查全查新检索要求.文献分类法从分类体系上揭示出科学     

A second look at Egghe’s universal IR surface and a simple derivation of a complete set of universal IR evaluation points

Egghe’s three papers regarding the universal IR surface (2004, 2007, 2008) clearly represent an original and significant contribution to the IR evaluation literature. However, Egghe’s attempt to find a complete set of universal IR evaluation points (P,R,F,M) fell short of his goal: his universal IR surface equation did not suffice in and of itself, and his continuous extension argument was insufficient to find all the remaining points (quadruples). Egghe found only two extra universal IR evaluation points, (1,1,0,0) and (0,0,1,1), but it turns out that a total of 15 additional, valid, universal IR evaluation points exist. The gap first appeared in Egghe’s earliest paper and was carried into subsequent papers. The mathematical method used here for finding the additional universal IR evaluation points involves defining the relevance metrics P,R,F,M in terms of the Swets variables a,b,c,d. Then the maximum possible number of additional quadruples is deduced, and finally, all the invalid quadruples are eliminated so that only the valid, universal IR points remain. Six of these points may be interpreted as being continuous extensions of the universal IR surface, while the other nine points may be interpreted as being “off the universal IR surface.” This completely solves the problem of finding the maximum range possible of universal IR evaluation points.     

光纤拉曼放大器及其研究展望

阐述了光纤拉曼放大器的原理、分类,并对其研究现状、发展趋势和研究展望进行了探讨和总结。其中,采用有限元法,着重数值仿真了光纤拉曼放大器放大信号的原理过程。结果表明,基于Chraplyvy模型能够较好地模拟出受激拉曼散射作为光纤拉曼放大器原理的过程,并且其程序运行效率高于采用洛仑兹模型。通过研究综述,为光纤拉曼放大器的理论研究、实验和工程应用测试工作提供了参考。     

中国理性文化现代化的回溯与前瞻

中国理性化现代化走过了一条艰难曲折的道路，社会主义市场经济则带来了机遇和难题，关键在于如何把握良机。