Higher education in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan after 9/11： Problems and prospects

The troubled state of affairs in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas （FATA） of Pakistan portends serious repercussions and grave consequences, destined to affect education particularly higher education in the entire tribal belt. Ironically, no extensive study has been conducted, to investigate those dimensions of FATA higher education which have been adversely affected in the aftermath of 9/11. This exploratory study examines those areas which have been badly affected as a result of current turmoil. In fact, the higher education in FATA has its own peculiar dynamics. Inherently, the entire tribal region has very few well-maintained and properly equipped colleges. Lack of adequate educational facilities, multiplied poor security environment has aggravated the entire situation. Law and order situation in the region has undermined the already dilapidated monitoring mechanism of education department. This state of affairs provides breeding ground for extremist propensities and radical tendencies. In reality, very little attention has been devoted to reform the education system in tribal areas. The whole set up needs to be rehabilitated by taking recourse due to the proactive role of international community. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers besides offering new avenues for further research.     

论塔利班运动时期非政府组织在阿富汗教育发展中的作用

1994年塔利班正式登上阿富汗政治舞台。此后直至反恐战争结束,塔利班在阿富汗采取了一系列教育政策和措施,严格控制教育体系,灌输和贯彻其宗教极端思想。使阿富汗本来就已十分落后的教育雪上加霜。幸运的是国际社会各类非政府组织在这期间利用其制度和资源优势,保护甚至在某些方面促进了该国国民教育一定程度的发展。     

语言的武器--战争言语行为的典型个案分析

言语行为理论是语用学的核心理论 ,运用言语行为理论对语言现象进行分析是当前语用学研究的一个热点。文章尝试对战争言语行为典型个案进行分析 ,寻找其内在本质和构成规则。选择了“9·11”事件后塔利班在宣传战中运用的“无罪辩护”和“话题转移”两大语言策略 ,从语境、言语内容、听话人、说话人各因素出发 ,分析言内行为 ,揭示言外行为 ,考证言后之效 ,完整地展示了战争言语行为的过程。最终说明了塔利班选择的战争语言策略 ,实质上是一个破坏会话原则中“量”的准则 ,并利用由此产生的言外之意 ,来否认指控、扭转劣势的言语行为     

评点2009年巴基斯坦政府军对塔利班的清剿行动

2009年4月以来,巴基斯坦政府军对本国北部地区的塔利班武装展开了清剿行动,这些作战行动有着复杂的国际国内原因。巴基斯坦展开的作战行动短期效果明显,但从长远来看,巴基斯坦的反恐局势并不乐观。