An ordinary moonlighting activity? Determinants of the provision of private tutoring by Czech schoolteachers

Teacher moonlighting (teachers working other jobs in addition to teaching) may have positive as well as negative implications. In the context of post-socialist countries, the provision of private tutoring is one of the common forms of teacher moonlighting. The aim of the paper is to analyse the prevalence and factors that are associated with a) having a paid job in addition to one’s regular teaching obligations; b) provision of private tutoring among teachers. Results are drawn from a representative sample of 494 Czech teachers of academic school subjects in lower secondary schools who responded to an online questionnaire survey. Male teachers working part-time, with shorter professional experience, higher household financial burden and lower satisfaction with teacher salaries were more likely to moonlight. The provision of private tutoring was only associated with shorter professional experience and the teaching of core subjects, suggesting that Czech teachers’ motivation to provide private tutoring is currently not primarily financial.     

Teachers’ self-efficacy and intercultural classroom practices in diverse classroom contexts: A cross-national comparison

This cross-national study provides new insights in teacher efficacy in today’s culturally diverse classrooms using survey data of 269 early childhood and primary school teachers in England, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland. Teacher efficacy can be viewed as a two dimensional concept in which both general beliefs are measured alongside (diversity-related) domain-specific beliefs. These beliefs are related to the cultural classroom context and the use of intercultural classroom practices. Our results indicate that policies and professional development targeted at the reciprocal relation between diversity-related efficacy and practices are important when preparing teachers for working in diverse classroom contexts.     

Individual and cultural factors in teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion: A meta-analysis

The success of inclusive education is dependent upon classroom teachers implementing adaptations for children with disabilities. Given that willingness to make such adaptations is influenced by teacher attitudes, the current study examined teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education through a meta-analysis of 64 samples that were found via a systematic literature search. The results indicated that teachers hold a positive attitude towards inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream schools and that these attitudes are moderated by an interplay of cultural and demographical factors. The findings offer a renewed basis for intervention research into improving educational opportunities for children around the world.     

关于社区体育服务概念与几个关系的再认识

在社会转型期，我国社区体育服务尚缺乏稳定成熟的理论体系，实践中也难以形成稳定的制度化的格局。对社区体育服务的概念、政府行为与社会行为的关系、福利性与经营性的关系、社会化与专业化的关系等问题进行了研究，并提出了相应的对策，以期有助于促进我国转型期的社区体育服务事业的发展。     

体育与人类健康的社会学分析

从WHO健康观视角，就体育对人类健康的意义进行了阐述。     

西方发达国家社区体育对我国高校体育社会化进程启示之研究

在西方发达国家中 ,社区体育与学校体育有着密切地联系 ,它们已将学校体育有效地纳入到了社会体系。运用文献资料法、比较分析法和调查法分析研究了欧美国家和日本的社区体育 ,找出我国高校体育与社会体育的契合点 ,为进一步深化高校体育改革 ,促进高校体育社会化进程提供借鉴。     

体育教学中师生交往的研究

本文从体育教师本身、体育教学模式和体育考核模式中分析了当前体育教学中师生交往中所存在的问题 ;从体育教师观念转变、体育教学模式的改变和改革体育考核方法几个方面提出相应的对策。     

Reconceptualising educational assessment in South Africa — testing times for teachers

This paper explores some of the problems arising when Continuous Assessment (CA) is grafted onto established pedagogic practices. It focuses on three issues: teachers' restricted understandings of assessment, teachers' emphasis on criteria that demonstrate concern with social control, and some of the problems connected with peer assessment. Two vignettes derived from fieldwork associated with a project to improve the quality of primary education are used to raise the issues. We argue that the development of desired practices is hampered above all by tacit values in tension with those underpinning the new curriculum. These values, together with the complexity of curriculum design, create serious problems of manageability and interpretation, which can only be addressed through detailed interactive in-service training, aimed at reconceptualising teachers' notions of assessment.     

市场经济体制下中国体育发展的思考

在我国社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，商品经济迅速发展，改革开放不断深入的今天，我国体育事业的繁荣与发展是摆在体育界同仁面前的重要课题。本文从现代体育观念与现代经济发展的关系入手，剖析了体育与经济的密切联系，市场经济体制下中国体育的发展方向，提出中国体育要向产业化过渡，走社会化、竞技体育职业化、市场化的道路。期盼中国体育抓住机遇，尽快与国际体育接轨，早日跻身世界体育强国之林。     

竞技运动异化问题的研究

在揭示竞技运动异化的基本含义的基础上，从化、化与社会及化社会化几个层面探讨了竞技运动在目的、方法手段及运行机制诸方面的异化问题。从化社会化的角度把竞技运动的发展分为前社会化、社会化和后社会化三个时期，分别论述了不同时期竞技运动的基本特点，进而对产生竞技运动异化的原因进行了探讨，提出了解决竞技运动异化问题的对策与基本思路。