Perspectives on educational psychology

As a background, the views are presented of Jean Jacques Rousseau, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, and Johann Friedrich Herbart, who had a five-step proposal for teaching. I then review briefly the new psychology of G. Stanley Hall and William James, followed by trends in psychology and education in the early twentieth century. The influences of psychoanalysis and Gestalt psychology are addressed, as well as the development of educational psychology textbooks and the growth of instructional psychology.     

掌握学习规律,提高学习效率--桑代克学习规律理论的启示

桑代克是20世纪初美国著名的心理学家，现代教育心理学的创始人，其学习规律理论对我国早期的教学理论产生过深远影响。其学习规律理论主要包括：准备律、练习律和效果律。他的学习规律理论是建立在严格的实验基础上的，反映了课堂学习和教学中的许多规律。理解和学习他的理论，对促进学生学习、教师教学具有重要意义。     

桑代克学习理论对大学英语教学的启示

美国著名心理学家桑代克在实验的基础上提出了“联结说”“试误说”和“三大律”等主要学习理论。将该理论运用到指导大学英语具体的教学实践中,取得了良好的效果。大学英语教学的关键在于促使英语教学者转变传统教学理念,激励学习者的学习动机,创造自主学习的机会。承担具有挑战性的学习。     

Improving Practice through Reflective Enquiry: confessions of a first‐time action researcher

A number of key constructs underpin educational action research. This paper focuses on the concept of ‘truth’ and by doing so hopes to highlight some debate in this area. In reflecting upon what ‘truth’ might mean to those involved in action research, I shall critically evaluate Thorndike's ‘Law of Effect’ and Bruner's ‘Three Forms of Representation’, and explain how these perspectives might help us find ‘the truth’ of an area under study and how they might inform the methodology of research. I shall close by suggesting that teacher‐researchers should allow for a constructivist approach in their action research methodology in order to help them in their sense‐making process.     

桑代克成人学习理论及其启示

桑代克是西方第一个通过实验论证成人学习的心理学家。他认为,成人学员有巨大的学习能力,学习的实质在于形成刺激与反应的联结,学习过程是试误过程,效果率、练习率和准备率是学习的三大定律。他的理论对于我国成人教育具有十分重要的启示:相信成人学习能力;提供良好的学习环境;鼓励学员探究学习;注重学习效果评价、练习技巧运用和学习动机激发等。