“None of the Kings on Earth is Their Equal in ʿaṣabiyya”: The Mongols in Ibn Khaldūn's Works

The rise of the Mongol empire was a shock to the Arab world and led many Arab authors to describe these conquerors in decidedly negative terms. The great historian Ibn Khaldūn also discusses the Mongols' rise and their conquests. As a nomadic people they challenged and defeated sedentary populations and founded their own dynasties. Consequently, the Mongol conquests perfectly fit Ibn Khaldūn's theories on ?a?abiyya – which is superior in nomadic groups – and the rise and fall of dynasties. For the Maghrebi historian, the rise of the Mongols was a natural step in the course of history. This consequently colours his view of the Mongols and affects the way he portrays them, especially regarding the themes of violence and religion – recurring themes in many contemporary works dealing with the Mongols – and in his depiction of the Turco-Mongolian conqueror Timur, who is presented in a more favourable light by Ibn Khaldūn than he is in many contemporary works.     

Malay(sian)’s image in Indonesian media prior to Konfrontasi era December 1962

This article presents the Malay(sian)’s image in Indonesian media in the early days of the Indonesia–Malaysia conflict at the beginning of 1960s. The dispute started when Tunku Abdul Rahman announced his plan to include Singapore, Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo into the Federation of Malaya. Yet Indonesia regarded it as the British’s neocolonialist project. Left-wing nationalists expressed their opposition to this plan in their daily, Bintang Timur, with illustrations made by Delsy Syamsumar (1935-2001). His artworks may represent how Malaysia was seen by Indonesian artists during the dispute. On the other hand, most of Syamsumar’s artworks demonstrate his sympathy with Azahari, Borneo’s local political leader, who staged the insurgence against the plan on 8 December 1962. This article intends to highlight Syamsumar’s pioneering artworks, picturing the Indonesia–Malaysia dispute published in Bintang Timur in December 1962.     

论秃黑鲁·帖木儿与伊斯兰教在新疆地区的传播

十四世纪时期,察合台汗后裔秃黑鲁·帖木儿在阿克苏继承察合台汗国汗位。此后,秃黑鲁.帖木儿汗接受了伊斯兰教,并使十六万蒙古人皈依伊斯兰教,使伊斯兰教在新疆地区掀起了又一次的传播高潮。同时,秃黑鲁.帖木儿汗在接受伊斯兰教后,也借助于宗教势力恢复了汗权,达到了维护自己统治的目的。     

从《巴布尔回忆录》看帖木儿朝王室的婚姻制度

中亚帖木儿帝国(1370-1507)是中亚历史上的重要游牧帝国之一。现以《巴布尔回忆录》一书为基础,分析帖木儿朝王室的婚姻状况及其所带来的影响,从一个方面探讨帖木儿朝家族兴衰史,进而分析帖木儿朝王室的婚姻制度与它的家族和王朝的兴衰之间的关系。