On the passive control of vibrations with viscoelastic dynamic absorbers of ordinary and pendulum types

Dynamic vibration absorbers (DVA) provide a cheap and efficient means for vibration abatement in many complex systems, ranging from crankshafts of internal combustion engines, overhead transmission lines, machine casings, structural panels and large turbo machinery sets, to quote a few examples. One can provide a simple classification for them by considering the nature of the resilient material it contains as a form of “spring”: it may be viscous (CDVA), hysteretic (HDVA) or viscoelastic (VDVA). Viscous DVAs are the largely studied devices and one of their most remarkable applications is in mitigating crankshafts torsional vibrations and in very tall buildings. The most well known hysteretic DVA is the Stockbridge damper, largely applied in overhead electric power transmission lines. With modern use of fractional calculus, modelling viscoelastic materials became a routine work. The experimental identification of four fractional parameter models for viscoelastic material has become a standard technique amongst the authors of this work. Modelling viscoelastic materials by four fractional parameters has made advanced analysis of structures and systems where it is applied much more straightforward than it was before. This is true also for structures with VDVA and HDVA attached to it. In this paper it is shown that a hysteretic material model can be derived from a viscoelastic material model based on four fractional parameters. Generalized quantities of ordinary and pendulum type absorbers and for both viscoelastic and hysteretic materials are derived and their nature discussed. The performances of a system with absorbers of viscoelastic and hysteretic nature are compared. Input energy and dissipated energy by the absorbers of both natures and types are computed and compared, using the concept of generalized damping parameter of the absorbers. Conclusions are drawn from the comparisons. One of the ideas behind these computations is to check the validity of some international recommendations for the experimental assessment of Stockbridge dampers, which implicitly neglects the effect of the generalized mass parameter.     

Analyzing and modeling rheological behavior of liver fibrosis in rats using shear viscoelastic moduli

研究目的：肝脏的纤维化进程改变肝脏组织的流变属性。创新要点：本文利用剪切黏弹性模量描绘并比较了大鼠肝脏F0期到F4期的纤维化过程。研究方法：两个黏弹性模型,即Zener模型和Voigt模型用于解释流变力学测试得到的实验数据,由此得到每个纤维化分期的肝脏弹性和黏性值。重要结论：肝脏中度纤维化（≤F2期）与黏弹性值密切相关。Zener模型的弹性均值E1从F0期的（0.452±0.094）kPa增加到F2期的（1.311±0.717）kPa,而Voigt模型的弹性均值E从F0期的（0.618±0.089）kPa增加到F2期的（1.701±0.844）kPa。Zener模型的黏性均值从F0期的（3.499±0.186）Pa·s增加到F2期的（4.947±1.811）Pa·s,而Voigt模型的黏性均值从F0期的（3.379±0.316）Pa·s增加到F2期的（4.625±1.296）Pa·s。无论选用哪个黏弹性模型,在F1期和F2期,肝脏弹性值的标准差比黏性值的标准差变化要小。因此,测得的弹性比黏性更有效地区分肝纤维化F0期到F2期。     

Transient response of a spherical cavity with a partially sealed shell embedded in viscoelastic saturated soil

INTRODUCTION The propagation of stress-waves in an elasticmedium containing a cavity that are due to arbitrarydynamic loading applied on the cavity is of greatimportance in the fields of seismology, geophysicalprospecting, underground tunnels and deeply buriedpipelines, particularly as a model of an earthquakesource. Ben-Menahem and Cisternas (1963) devel-oped the theory for the dynamic response of an elastichalf-space medium to an explosion spherical cavity.Norwood and Miklowitz (…     

A new family of high viscosity polymeric dispersions for cleaning easel paintings

The procedures for making and applying a new family of high viscosity aqueous polymeric dispersions based on poly(vinyl alcohol)-borax (PVA-borax) matrices are presented. A specific system of this type has been used to remove an oxidized varnish coating from the surface of “Coronation of the Virgin with Saints”, a 15th century egg tempera painting on wood by Neri di Bicci (Florence, 1418–1492). FTIR spectra showed that the oxidized varnish was constituted of highly aged shellac resin. Good cleaning performance was attained when the liquid portion of the dispersion consisted of a mixture of water and acetone. Rheological investigations indicate that the acetone content does not affect the mechanical properties of the polymeric dispersion. Those mechanical properties permit easy removal of the cleaning agent simply by peeling it from the surface by means of a forceps or spatula once it has carried out its cleaning function. Optical microscopic and FTIR investigations show that the cleaning agent is able to remove the oxidized varnish coating from the surface of the Neri di Bicci painting without leaving detectable residues.