Threat Perception and Attitudes of Adolescents Towards Re-Introduced Wild Animals: A qualitative study of young learners from affected regions in Germany

Conservation efforts such as the restoration of European bison or the support of wolf immigration into Germany are often socio-scientifically controversial. In many cases, disputes are based on individuals’ threat perception and attitudes towards the animal involved. The herewith reported study provides qualitative insights into German adolescents’ (n?=?31, M_age?=?16.6 years) attitudes towards animal reintroduction, their threat and coping appraisal about wildlife and their knowledge of local endangered species. We found that students had rather limited knowledge of local endangered species. After Kellert's categories of animal attitudes, the adolescents showed a strong moralistic view on wildlife return. Naturalistic, ecologistic and utilitarian views were also strongly apparent. According to the Protection Motivation Theory, perceived threats could be identified as threats to animals on the one hand and threats to human interests on the other. Such threat perceptions often lead to a dilemma, which made it difficult to decide upon the priorities of wildlife protection versus protection of human interests. Coping mechanism to reduce threats to human interests as mentioned by the participants included restrictions of the animal as well as strategies that focused on responsibility by humans. Regarding coping mechanism to prevent the species’ extinction, participants showed a relatively superficial understanding. Furthermore, we found that participants from regions where wolves are currently immigrating or European bison are being reintroduced showed a more positive understanding of the respective animal. Our findings are discussed in the light of this topic's potential as an example of a real-life socio-scientific issue in classroom discussions.     

保护美国自然生态——美国鱼类与野生生物服务局国家数字图书馆

美国鱼类与野生生物服务局国家数字图书馆（The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Digital Library）是一个免费向公众提供鱼类、野生动植物及其栖息地相关信息资源的数字图书馆。其资源类型包括图片、历史文物、音频剪辑、出版物和视频资料等,涵盖范围广泛,浏览、检索shag齐全。文章对该项目的建设及现状进行了综合性的评析,包括项目概述、数字资源及组织、技术特征、服务特点等,并给出了作者的评价与建议。     

Wildlife Enforcement Monitoring System (WEMS): A solution to support compliance of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Given the rising number of international environmental agreements, it is increasingly difficult for many developing countries to meet the basic commitments of compliance to Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). One major reason for non-compliance is an unforced restriction on enforcement information flow to the national environmental governance repository either due to policy regulations or, technological hindrance. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of a global information technology framework for MEAs that will help in enhancing the flow of information from a grassroot level to a national repository and then serving to various international agencies involved in monitoring of enforcement and compliance to MEAs. The paper defines the current challenges in global and national-level environmental information gathering and analysis and then, explains the technological and policy framework model adopted in the Wildlife Enforcement Monitoring System (WEMS). The paper then argues that the WEMS model will be able to overcome the existing challenges hindering the information flow in a government framework.     

中国野生动物资源保护的经济价值评估——以北京市居民的支付意愿研究为例

本文运用意愿调查价值评估法中支付卡式和二分式两种问卷格式，对北京市居民保护濒危野生动物的支付意愿进行研究。支付卡式问卷和双边界二分式的有效问卷分别为350份和250份。支付卡式问卷调查分析得到平均支付意愿为13.90元/户·月，二分式问卷的调查结果为18.99元/户·月。由支付卡问卷结果得到北京市居民20年总支付意愿为41.63×10⁸元；二分式问卷则为184.7×10⁸元，后者是前者的4.57倍。支付卡式问卷结果的主要影响因素是户均月收入和文化程度；二分式问卷结果的主导因子是户均月收入。考虑到二分式问卷比支付卡式问卷更能够逼近样本的真实意愿，认为将二分式问卷的研究结果作为北京居民对我国野生动物的总经济价值的评估更为适合。     

基于野生动物特色的动物法律法规课程体系建设研究

采用问卷调查法和访谈法,通过对特定学生群体进行调查与访问,并结合相关文献资料,从课程大纲、授课内容、教学方法、评价体系、师资队伍和教学实践这六个方面建设了动物法律法规课程体系。经过建设后的动物法律法规课程,是野生动物保护与利用、动物科学等专业首门比较完善的有关野生动物法律法规的课程。其创新性不仅体现在比较完善的教学大纲和教学内容上,还体现在比较科学的教学方法和比较合理的评价体系上。     

Ecofutures in Africa: Jenny Robson’s Savannah 2116 AD

Jenny Robson’s Savannah 2216 AD, a dark, futuristic novel for young adults, provides a strong critique on much of the world’s predilection for saving Africa’s animals at the expense of those human communities who are perceived to be in the way of the preservation of the continent’s remaining wild spaces. Using Robson’s novel as template, this article examines a few of those discourses regarding wilderness and conservation that have attached to Africa. Savannah 2116 AD strongly yet indirectly hints that literary educators should revisit the often unquestioned adoption of ‘greening’ agendas in school curricula which persist in re-colonising geo-political spaces by ignoring the fact that erecting fences between perceived conservators and destroyers, between spaces for wild animals and humans, merely condemns Africa’s animal riches to eventual death.

论野生动物资源的价值、利用与法制管理

文章论述了有关野生动物的价值双重性,并讨论了不同人类发展历史阶段野生动物价值的变化。文章还分析了我国对野生动物资源的利用情况以及野生动物法制管理的相关问题。