A Review on the Article: Role of Common Biochemical Markers for the Assessment of Fracture Union

Criterion for patient selection and demographic comparison between the two groups, the numbers in individual groups (normal union or defective union) how the observers were blinded for the samples and control group measurements in the graphs were not mentioned. No data on actual measurement levels is given. No where it is mentioned like it is an average of all normal union or defective union in tables or diagrams. The treatment methodology maybe still focused including either conservative or surgical treatment since a displaced fracture cannot be compared with an osteotomy. The cases shall be followed up for a longer period. Some suggestions on how to blind the observers is given. In the one year period there was neither mention of the failure of treatment or complications of any of neither these 36 cases nor any drop out for follow-ups. There was also no mention of any case which initially put on conservation was changed to surgical management. The authors could have one group of patients taking this food stuff and another group who refused this food stuff. The statistical test used to compare the levels of factor is not mentioned. Mere statement that ‘p’ values were significant will not benefit the reader. Failure to produce X-rays even for a single case weakens the study. X-rays are needed to confirm the diagnosis of a fracture and confirm the position of implants and fracture fragments. The remaining period after confirming the fracture/implant position the case shall be followed only with marker estimation. Once the desired levels of increase or tapering of marker level achieved then X-rays can be taken to correlate with clinical findings and radiology. Union as one group and the second group shall be called as non-union or delayed union. The second group (the poor callus group) is mentioned as malunion possibly by over-sight. Probably they were meaning the non union or delayed union group or defective union as malunion. This should be preferably be written non union or delayed union. Malunion means the fracture actually unites and union process is completed. In a group of fractures (hypertrophic non unions) the callus formation is excessive, still the fracture is ununited. Thus the enzyme or markers alone cannot disclose the details of the completion of union they can herald bone formation.     

莫塞莱与原子序数规律

英国早逝的物理学家莫塞莱在去世前的两年对物理学界所做的贡献,证明原子中的电子数正是元素周期表中的原子序数,并且发现了原子光谱谱线频率和原子序数之间的关系,也就是莫塞莱定律。本文简述了莫塞莱生平,回顾了莫塞莱通过测量不同金属发出的X射线的波长,发现原子序数和辐射频率的关系,并指出原子序数才是原子最本质的属性。他的杰出贡献在原子物理学的发展史上产生了深刻影响。     

数字x线影像技术应用体会

目的：探讨数字x线影像技术应用。方法：对数字x线影像（DR）技术及影像进行分析总结。结果：DR成像过程中,x线的接收至数字信号的输出均在平板探测器内完成,图像信噪比及分辨率更高,图像层次更加丰富,动态范围广,曝光宽容度大,曝光条件易掌握,从而减少了辐射量,在曝光后几秒内显示图像,可立即网络传输数字x影像。结论：基于DR的诸多优势,必将成为今后影像发展的主流方向。     

吴有训的X射线研究与“学术独立”

分析吴有训在上世纪30年前后开展的X射线散射研究及这些研究的学术价值和背景,论证其与当时中国“学术独立”的关系,指出这些研究是中国物理学走向“学术独立”的第一步,并为中国科学的“学术独立”起到了很好的推动和示范作用。     

THE INVISIBLE MADE VISIBLE

This article focuses on the early history of X-rays. It argues that, during the first years after their discovery in 1895 by German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, they were regarded as a technological attraction and a visual medium. While their application in medical practice was not yet fully established, the possibility of seeing into the realm of the invisible encouraged pioneers of this technology to actively exploit their visual powers. By using a media-history framework, and relying on primary and secondary sources in English, German, French, and Italian, the article takes into account three aspects of the rays' early display: its character of technological attraction; its association with photography; and its connection to beliefs in the supernatural and the occult.