Teachers’ self-efficacy and intercultural classroom practices in diverse classroom contexts: A cross-national comparison

This cross-national study provides new insights in teacher efficacy in today’s culturally diverse classrooms using survey data of 269 early childhood and primary school teachers in England, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland. Teacher efficacy can be viewed as a two dimensional concept in which both general beliefs are measured alongside (diversity-related) domain-specific beliefs. These beliefs are related to the cultural classroom context and the use of intercultural classroom practices. Our results indicate that policies and professional development targeted at the reciprocal relation between diversity-related efficacy and practices are important when preparing teachers for working in diverse classroom contexts.     

Discrete Choice Modeling in Education: An Innovative Method to Assess Teaching Practices

Self‐reported measures are an easy, time‐efficient, and low‐cost way to collect research data compared to other assessment methods. They are, however, characterized by several limitations regarding the quality and the clarity of the data they produce, especially when they are implemented in education. The main purpose of the current study was to use a method called discrete choice modeling (DCM) in education, in order to develop a self‐reported instrument that will reduce the bias for socially desirable responses and to assess teachers’ practices in physical activity. DCM method has the ability to overcome the respondents’ tendency to answer in a socially desirable way. A nationally representative sample of 531 Greek early educators participated in this study and were administered a self‐assessment questionnaire based on DCM. Results showed that the DCM based newly developed instrument manages to assess effectively educators’ practices and provided evidence of the applicability of the method in education. Further implications and future recommendations regarding the effective application of DCM in education are discussed.     

Steps Toward More Effective Implementation of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

The goal of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing is to improve testing practices, but their impact on practice appears spotty. Self-regulation clearly fails in some instances. The establishment of an external agency to oversee testing practices and adherence to the Standards would face substantial hurdles, and the ambiguity of many of the Standards would hobble such an organization if one were created. Many of the Standards are general statements of principle, and past controversies make clear that we in the field often disagree about the reasons for them, their applicability to specific cases, and their practical meaning in specific contexts. This paper argues that the field should follow two approaches to lessen this ambiguity. First, using journals, conferences, and other vehicles, we should foster more frequent and more protracted debate about the practical meaning of key Standards, such as 13.6 and 13.7, which mandate that a decision that will have a "major impact" on a student should not be based on a single score. Second, future revisions of the Standards should use concrete examples of testing practices to clarify the meaning of the Standards, much as the legal system uses case law to clarify the meaning of the general principles embodied in statutes .     

通道侗族自治县传统农业生态系统的类型及其效益

本文对湖南通道侗族自治县传统农业生态系统的类型及其效益进行了研究，并就资源利用问题以及人类、科学技术、传统知识、宗教信仰和政策等在生态系统中的作用进行了讨论。     

国内外1975～1991年间关于中小企业信息管理的研究成果统计分析及建议

对 1975～ 1991年间国内外有关中小企业研究的文章从关键词分布、主题分布、国家分布等方面进行了统计 ,具体分析了文章主题的内容 ,进而指出我国在这些方面亟待解决与完善的问题 ,对我国支撑中小企业的信息管理提出参考性建议。表 4 ,参考文献 8。     

农业科技期刊编辑参与科研活动现状及思考

为了了解我国农业科技期刊编辑参与科研活动的现状,本研究在“农业期刊编辑在线”微信群中进行了集中调研,最终回收了215份有效问卷。调查数据显示,农业科技期刊编辑整体学历水平较高,副高级以上职称者占比较高;超7成的编辑认同参与科研活动对期刊发展与个人成长的促进作用。但近5年未发表编辑出版类论文(以第一作者身份)及未参与课题研究的编辑比例偏高,主要原因是业务工作繁重、未掌握论文撰写技巧、研究动力不足等;而参与各类课题研究的编辑发表论文情况相对较好。针对这些阻碍因素,提出了相应的解决措施,如期刊多途径解决人力资源问题,为编辑参与科研活动留出时间;编辑多渠道积累学习资源,掌握论文写作技巧;无研究动力的编辑可借助各种形式的科研活动,激发自身的研究兴趣;希冀能为建设高水平的行业期刊编辑队伍提供借鉴。     

区域性农业信息增值系统的构建——以丽水市农业专家知识系统为例

农业信息资源丰富和分散的特性,给利用农业信息的农户带来很多的困惑,信息素质相对较差的他们在面对丰富却又无序的信息资源时,表现出的往往是无所适从.本文就从这一特点出发,结合丽水本地农业信息资源整合的实践,以农户信息需求的特点和现状为出发点,具体论述区域性农业信息增值系统的构建.     

闽台农业研究文献计量分析

通过文献计量学方法对闽台农业研究文献的年份、作者、研究机构、栽文期刊、研究主题等方面进行统计,从中分析闽台农业研究现状,并提出进一步研究的建议。     

涉农高职院校现代农业创业教育的实践探索——以温州科技职业学院为例

温州科技职业学院紧扣现代农业创业人才培养目标,改革教育机制,构建"训、研、创、产"一体化的创业人才培养体系,实施以"导师—项目—团队"为核心的"师导生创、师创生学、师生企协创"的创业人才培养路径,成效显著。在总结温州科技职业学院创业教育经验的基础上,提出了培养现代农业创业人才的三点策略建议:充分利用农科专业特点,培养现代农业创业人才;科研创新与创业教育互相促进,构筑创业实践体系;乡村振兴战略与创业人才培养相互支撑,促进地方农业产业经济发展。     

聚焦设计:实践与方法(上)——美国“以学生为中心”的本科教学改革研究之三

本文是美国"以学生为中心"的本科教学改革研究之三,主要介绍在这场改革中美国学者和教师创造的行之有效的实践和方法。全文共九部分。第1~3部分介绍相关文献、科学基础和大学教学有效性双因素假设。第4~6部分介绍由科学研究、受生活与职业发展影响和由经验总结而产生的实践与方法。第7部分是SC方法论,讨论了"SC方法树"、"3650"框架和5个"方法论误区"。第8部分是关于SC改革的未来,介绍了颠覆性创新概念和两所创新性学校。文章特别强调了设计在课堂教学模式改革中的核心作用。好的设计能把SC原则贯穿教学实践,能结合学生实际,促进学生有效学习。由于原文较长,故分为上下篇发表。上篇包括前四部分,下篇包括后五部分。