Bibliometric approximation of a scientific specialty by combining key sources,title words,authors and references

Bibliometric methods for the analysis of highly specialized subjects are increasingly investigated and debated. Information and assessments well-focused at the specialty level can help make important decisions in research and innovation policy. This paper presents a novel method to approximate the specialty to which a given publication record belongs. The method partially combines sets of key values for four publication data fields: source, title, authors and references. The approach is founded in concepts defining research disciplines and scholarly communication, and in empirically observed regularities in publication data. The resulting specialty approximation consists of publications associated to the investigated publication record via key values for at least three of the four data fields. This paper describes the method and illustrates it with an application to publication records of individual scientists. The illustration also successfully tests the focus of the specialty approximation in terms of its ability to connect and help identify peers. Potential tracks for further investigation include analyses involving other kinds of specialized publication records, studies for a broader range of specialties, and exploration of the potential for diverse applications in research and research policy context.     

新时代非典型用工关系的定位与规制

随着中国进入特色社会主义新时代和市场经济的深化,在劳动用工领域出现了一些用工灵活、从属性降低的非典型用工关系。这类用工关系法律关系性质模糊,法律规制缺乏。从非典型用工关系的内涵以及与劳务关系的区别看,其性质还是应该界定为劳动关系。为解决其规制问题,立法者需要在了解我国国情的基础上,借鉴域外规制的做法和经验。首先,采取将非典型用工关系纳入劳动法域调整的规制路径。其次,用劳动基本法规制涉及特殊用工方式、特殊用工主体的非典型用工关系,对涉及不同行业、领域的非典型用工关系则通过制定单行法规进行调整,从而最终形成中国特色的社会主义法治体系。     

Predicting Day-to-Day Changes in Students’ School-Related Affect From Daily Academic Experiences and Social Interactions

This study examined the role that everyday academic successes and failures—and the interactions with family members and peers that follow these events—play in predicting day-to-day changes in children's emotional responses to school. Middle school students (N = 101; mean age = 11.62 years) completed daily assessments of their academic experiences, performance disclosures, perceptions of emotional support, and school-related affect. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results indicated that students’ daily academic experiences and social interactions varied by both sex and interaction partner, and that students’ daily academic experiences and social interactions were predictive of day-to-day changes in both positive and anxious affect. The implications of these findings for students’ interpersonal relationships and school adjustment are discussed.     

技术成果评价的社会学分析

随着科技的发展和知识经济社会的来临 ,同行评议在技术成果领域受到强有力的挑战 ,因此 ,我们是否应该寻求更为客观、公正与有效的评价模式 ?本文以社会学的视角 ,深入分析了同行评议内在的缺陷与不足、技术成果评价的原则和标准以及科学技术是第一生产力的社会学意涵。文章认为 ,同行评议已不适用于技术成果的评价 ,我们应当建立市场和社会相互结合的评价机制。评价不仅要考察技术成果的经济效益 ,还要评估其人文效应。     

Gender attitudes in school have changed mainly in peer relational factors over a period of 35 years

The aim of the study is to compare gender patterns of student attitudes toward school, teachers and peers in grade 6 over time. In 1967–68 and in 2003, 1500 pupils responded to the same 40‐item questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis was applied. In the gender comparison the within‐class level was used. The more traditional school factors, Interest in School, View of Teacher, and Work Atmosphere, showed no differences between the two time periods. The factor Interest in School showed that girls were more positive than boys. In contrast to this, changes with more positive attitudes had occurred especially in boys’ peer relational factors. In Relations with Classmates and in View of Fuss, the scores were now equal between the two genders, but in View of Peers, and Lack of Anxiety the boys’ attitudinal scores were significantly higher than those of the girls.     

让步复句的量化表达和几种非典型让步复句的判定

根据原型让步复句"虽然…但是…"类和"即使…也…"类总结出让步复句成立的条件,对让步复句进行量化表达。把"无论…都…"类、"宁可…也…"类、"P倒P…就是…"类、"P倒不/没P…只是…"类、"任凭…都…"类和"…是│…,但…"类句式代入这些条件进行验证,认定他们也属于让步复句。     

浅谈对非英语专业大学生英语作文的反馈

在非英语专业大学英语写作的教学过程中,反馈基本等同于教师对学生作文的最后评价——满篇的红线,一个分值,几个字或一句话解释分值的来由。多年的教学实践告诉我们：这样的反馈,其消极作用远大于积极作用。本篇文章尝试探讨真正的反馈是什么,应在何时以何种方式由谁做出什么样的反馈才能对学生作者起到真正的帮助作用。     

侵犯商业秘密罪的罪过形式之辨

运用层层推进的逻辑方法，对侵犯商业秘密罪的罪过形式首先进行了故意与过失之辨。论证了它只能是故意；其次进行了直接故意与间接故意之辨，指出至少它不可能是间接故意；最后进行了典型直接故意与非典型直接故意之辨，阐明了它只能是直接故意，而且在多数情形下是典型直接故意，但在某些情形下也可能是非典型直接故意。     

社区获得性肺炎的调查研究

目的:通过调查某大型医院社区获得性肺炎的临床情况及病原学分布情况,让学生更好地了解病原菌对人体的危害,明确合理使用抗生素的重要性。方法:跟踪调查某大型医院86例社区获得性肺炎患者,留取其呼吸道标本进行细菌培养,检测非典型病原体。结果:患者中86例患者病原学检测阳性52例,其中细菌阳性34例,非典型病原体15例,细菌和非典型病原体混合感染3例,嗜血杆菌属是社区获得性肺炎的主要致病菌之一。结论:经验治疗宜选用对常见细菌和非典型病原体有效的药物,同时抗生素要防止滥用。     

The role of parents and peers in understanding female adolescent sexuality – testing perceived peer norms as mediators between some parental variables and sexuality

Previous research has confirmed peers and parents as significant agents of socialisation with respect to young people’s sexuality. The aim of this cross-sectional cohort study was to examine how parental and peer variables predict young women’s sexual behaviour and sexuality-related thoughts and emotions, and whether perceived peer influences mediate the relationship between parental variables and young person sexuality. A total of 560 female high school students of 1st (mean age 15.56 years) and 3rd grade (mean age 17.55 years), selected by means of two-stage stratified probability sampling participated in the research. Results confirmed that peer variables explained considerably more variance in participant sexuality than parental variables. Indirect parental communication about sexuality was a significant positive predictor of sexual behaviour and sexuality-related thoughts and emotions in both subsamples. The strength of direct and indirect influences of parents and peers on young people’s sexuality is determined by the age of the young person and specific aspects of adolescent sexuality. Perceived percentage of sexually active peers was the only mediator in older participants, while in the younger subsample, additional peer variables mediated the association between some parental and sexuality variables. In the discussion, special attention is given to implications of these results for planning future forms of comprehensive sexual education.