国内外学习理论研究述评

本文简要地回顾了学习理论研究的历史，并对各派别学习理论的主要观点做了简要的评述。对学习理论实质的探讨对于人们真正地掌握学习的实质、提高教育教学水平和推进教学改革都具有重要的意义。     

Learning theories and assessment methodologies – an engineering educational perspective

This paper attempts to critically review theories of learning from the perspective of engineering education in order to align relevant assessment methods with each respective learning theory, considering theoretical aspects and practical observations and reflections. The role of formative assessment, taxonomies, peer learning and educational policy as regards promoting the learning of engineering is discussed. It is suggested that an integrated learning method in which cognitive levels, social factors and teamwork and behaviouristic elements are integrated will optimise the learning process on an engineering course. Moreover, assessment of learning should not be isolated from views of teaching and the learning methods employed by the university teacher.     

Motivation ——Theories and Beyond

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有关心理学史研究中几个值得思考的问题

心理学史既是一种实在,同时也具有一定社会建构的特征。在心理学史上,行为主义和认知心理学并非水火不容,而是一种你中有我、我中有你的错综复杂关系。两者在科学观和方法论上有着许多一致的地方,区别只在于研究的重心有所不同。心理学史上一直存在着学科分裂问题,而多元化的心理科学观是在目前条件下解决分裂危机的较好选择。心理学的统一是多元共存的统一,多元之间维持着一种适度的紧张关系。这种适度的紧张关系促进不同研究取向的良性竞争,从而有利于心理科学的健康发展。     

计算机课件写作与学习理论研究

各种不同的学习理论,都曾对教育产生过不同程度的影响与推动作用,也影响和推动了CAI的发展,普通心理学研究了影响学习的智力因素和非智力因素,行为主义学习理论推进了“程序教学”。这些理论对CAI课件的写作,都有着非常重要的指导意义。     

Out of the box: behaviourism and the mangle of practice

ABSTRACT

Although often labelled obsolete and ethically dubious, twentieth-century behaviourist principles of learning have been central to the development of instructional technology and the design of modern learning environments. Using Andrew Pickering’s philosophy, this article addresses behaviourism as a mangle of practice to highlight the conceptual and non-human agency involved in research on learning, and to analyse how these forms of agency allow scientific knowledge to travel from experimental research settings to teaching.     

After behaviourism,navigationism?

Two previous articles in this journal advocate the greater use of a behaviourist methodology called ‘Precision Teaching’ (PT). From a position located within virtue ethics, this article argues that the technical feat of raising narrowly defined performance in mathematics and other subjects is not sufficient justification for the extensive use of behaviourist techniques such as this. The article uses ideas drawn from ancient Egyptian mythology as well as some more familiar Greek philosophy, to raise broader questions about the wisdom of relying too heavily on technical rationality in present-day educational practice. The polemical intent is to dismiss unreflective behaviourism and to offer a brief glimpse of a very new educational paradigm: ‘navigationism’.     

论现代认知心理学兴起的科技时代背景

现代认知心理学是近代心理学史上兴起的一个新流派,是在批判行为主义心理学基础上发展起来的.20世纪60年代心理语言学,信息论及计算机科学的发展,对认知心理学的兴起发展起到了至关重要的作用.     

Beyond a psychology of student behaviour

This article considers developments in conceptualising and responding to student disruption and disaffection. Commencing with the educational sociologist John Furlong’s attempt to fuse psychology and sociology to better understand disaffected students, this essay also engages with a recent attempt at transdisciplinary considerations of student disaffection. It is argued that the biopsychosocial model as advocated by Paul Cooper promises to extend the analysis of student disaffection and disruption. The biopsychosocial model as postulated by Cooper is weighted towards the biopsycho and is limited by scant consideration of the biopolitics of the increasing prevalence of behaviour disorders. Nikolas Rose’s examination of the development of medical knowledge is enlisted to suggest broader possibilities for transdisciplinary lines of inquiry. The transdisciplinarity of Cooper’s suggested model is important and points to the potential of the responses from across fields of knowledge to assist in building more nuanced understandings of social organisation and behaviour.