独生子女的行为和性格特点与体育后备人才的关系

独生子女与体育后备人才的关系是独生子女与体育关系研究中的一个最基本的方面。以分析独生子女的行为和性格特点为研究的切入点,从3个方面探讨了独生子女与体育后备人才的关系,对科学地选拔优秀的体育后备人才具有重要的现实意义。     

独生子女与我国学校体育的改革

根据对独生子女与非独生子女的身心10项指标测试和7项教育实验的结果，从体质差别、智力差别、个性特征等几个方面对两进行了比较，进而对改革我国学校体育提出了4项可行性建议。     

论知识产权的反垄断规制

知识产权强国利用其知识产权的绝对优势占领我国市场,并以此形成垄断格局。本文在剖析了知识产权与反垄断法关系的基础上,对我国知识产权滥用进行反垄断规制的重要性和必要性有了进一步阐明,并对如何构建中国知识产权反垄断体系进行了探讨。     

体育中滥用药物的心理学因素分析与综述

运用文献资料、调查访问、问卷调查等方法,对体育中滥用药物的心理学因素进行了分析,认为:运动员在体育中对药物有心理的需求.运动员对药物的心理需求最主要目的是提高运动成绩而最终赢得比赛,而这一目的又是在功利的影响下形成的对地位、经济利益不择手段地追求的结果.总的来说,各类兴奋剂的长期使用会导致使用者心理上的一系列问题,这些问题集中在认知、情感以及行为三个方面表现出来.     

儿童单纯性肥胖的危害及防治措施

近年来儿童单纯性肥胖越来越多,其身心健康问题日趋严重,成为社会广泛关注的儿童健康问题。目前,主要通过行为矫正、合理饮食和适量运动来控制儿童单纯性肥胖。主要从儿童单纯性肥胖的流行现状、诊断方法、对儿童健康的危害及防治措施等方面进行综述。     

对北京西城区9—11岁肥胖儿身体形态、机能与素质特征和参与体育锻炼现状的研究

调查4465名儿童得出北京西城区9—11岁儿童肥胖发生率为10.08％。抽样体质测试、问卷调查以及对比分析表明;肥胖儿身体形态生长发育超前,身体机能和身体素质与正常儿童相比,有较大差距;肥胖儿在参与体育锻炼程度、锻炼项目的选择、体育兴趣、体育态度以及体育锻炼影响因素等方面,均较正常儿童有较大差异。有关部门必须采取多种有效手段和措施,努力改善肥胖儿体育锻炼的现状。     

新世纪图书馆少儿室(部)面临的问题与对策

目前，图书馆少儿室普遍存在的问题：投入大，读者少，利用低。其原因有社会因素，也有管理方面的因素。解决的办法就是要改变思路，调整工作方法，加强宣传。本文从实际经验出发对以上各方面进行了 阐述。     

西方“儿童美术的发现”析论

在人类思想史上,"儿童美术"与"儿童"类似,经历了被"无视""误视"再到"正视"的过程。艺术家、艺术理论家、教育家、心理学家等的多重视野促成了"儿童美术的发现"。各方初衷不尽相同,却具有共同的倾向,即对"自然"的追寻,对传统的僵化规则的反叛,对创造力和自由表达的重视。这些倾向是儿童美术的独立性得以凸显的思想背景。在此背景下,儿童美术中所体现的儿童"天性"成为艺术家们反思自己的创作、寻求突破的重要资源,也成为教育家、心理学家们重要的研究面向。艺术家向儿童学习,思想家赞美童心,儿童美术的本质、发展特征、心理内容等不断被揭示。这些来自不同视域的"发现",丰富着成人的儿童美术观、儿童观,也成为教育反思的重要前提。     

Child protection workers dealing with child abuse: The contribution of personal,social and organizational resources to secondary traumatization

The present study compared secondary traumatization among child protection social workers versus social workers employed at social service departments. In addition, based on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the study examined the contribution of working in the field of child protection as well as the contribution of background variables, personal resources (mastery), and resources in the workers’ social and organizational environment (social support, effectiveness of supervision, and role stress) to secondary traumatization. The findings indicate that levels of mastery and years of work experience contributed negatively to secondary traumatization, whereas exposure to child maltreatment, trauma history, and role stress contributed positively to secondary traumatization. However, no significant contribution was found for social support and effectiveness of supervision. The study identifies factors that can prevent distress among professionals such as child protection workers, who are exposed to the trauma of child abuse victims. Recommendations are provided accordingly.     

Exploring policies for the reduction of child physical abuse and neglect

Policies can be powerful tools for prevention given their potential to affect conditions that can improve population-level health. Given the dearth of empirical research on policies’ impacts on child maltreatment, this article (a) identifies 37 state policies that might have impacts on the social determinants of child maltreatment; (b) identifies available data sources documenting the implementation of 31 policies; and (c) utilizes the available data to explore effects of 11 policies (selected because they had little missing data) on child maltreatment rates. These include two policies aimed at reducing poverty, two temporary assistance to needy families policies, two policies aimed at increasing access to child care, three policies aimed at increasing access to high quality pre-K, and three policies aimed at increasing access to health care. Multi-level regression analyses between within-state trends of child maltreatment investigation rates and these 11 policies, controlling for states’ childhood poverty, adults without a high school diploma, unemployment, child burden, and race/ethnicity, identified two that were significantly associated with decreased child maltreatment rates: lack of waitlists to access subsidized child care and policies that facilitate continuity of child health care. These findings are correlational and are limited by the quality and availability of the data. Future research might focus on a reduced number of states that have good quality administrative data or population-based survey data on child maltreatment or reasonable proxies for child maltreatment and where data on the actual implementation of specific policies of interest can be documented.