Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.     

Syllable-based reading improvement: Effects on word reading and reading comprehension in Grade 2

This study examined the effects of a syllable-based reading intervention for German second graders who demonstrated difficulties in the recognition of written words. The intervention focused on fostering word reading via syllable segmentation. The materials consisted of the 500 most frequent syllables typically read by 6- to 8-year-old children. The aims were to practice phonological recoding, consolidate orthographic representations of syllables, and routinize the access to these representations. Compared to children randomly assigned to a wait-list group, poor readers in the treatment condition showed significant improvements in standardized measures of phonological recoding, direct word recognition, and text-based reading comprehension after the 24-session intervention. Poor readers in the treatment condition also showed greater improvements in development of word recognition compared to children with efficient word recognition skills. The results provide evidence that a syllable-based reading intervention is a promising approach to increase struggling readers’ word recognition skills, which in turn will improve their reading comprehension.     

‘I would say nine times out of 10 they come to the LSA rather than the teacher’. The role of teaching assistants in supporting children's mental health

This research explored how seven primary school teaching assistants (TAs) experienced their role in supporting children's mental health. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The participants believed that they supported children's mental health and particularly referenced the close relationships that they formed with children. Throughout their accounts of supporting children, the TAs referenced helpful factors (e.g. support from other staff) and challenges (e.g. hierarchy) within the school system. Supporting children’s mental health was an emotional experience for the TAs; they discussed the rewarding element, however, the topic also elicited fear. The findings provide several implications for school staff and external professionals about how TAs can be supported in their role. These include involving TAs in training opportunities, providing TAs with supervision, considering communication systems in schools, and introducing a mental health policy.     

面向幼儿发展的表现性评价实践研究

本研究采用表现性评价,对x幼儿园大班一个班级39名幼儿进行为期一年的发展性评价,在真实情境中对幼儿的发展状况作出连续性评价,获悉幼儿不同阶段的发展状况,同时对评价过程进行总结和反思。     

消费时代澳门半岛滨水空间形态重塑

随着消费社会的深化发展,现代消费已成为影响城市空间形态演化的重要因素。以此为出发点,以消费文化的视角来考察城市空间,揭示20世纪80年代以来澳门半岛滨水空间形态的演化特征。研究表明:消费时代,城市主要根据经济诉求组织空间的生产,借助资本的熔铸,澳门半岛滨水空间建设呈现出博彩旅游化、高层豪宅化和空间巨构化等特征,并最终实现空间形态的重塑。在此基础上进行批判性反思,如城市消费空间与传统城市意象的协调发展、城市空间的阶级化和滨水空间的公共性等问题。     

小学体育兴趣化游戏教学的多维性探索

随着新一轮教改工作在我国全国范围内的深入开展,体育已经成为各地小学素质教育工作中的重点内容。就目前来看,为进一步提高小学体育教学效率,兴趣化游戏教学已经逐步被引入实际教学工作中,该教学模式可以冲破传统教条主义教学思维的拘束,进一步提高学生对学习的兴趣,使被动学习转变为主动学习,从而更好地实现当今时代小学体育教学工作目标。     

女子大众艺术健身操锻炼效果的实验研究

以 6 0名 18岁以上女子为研究对象 ,采用自编的四套大众艺术健身操 ,每周进行三次练习 ,每次 6 0分钟。持续练习 8周。结果表明 :大众艺术健身操练习可以减小女子身体各部位的围度 ,具有改善女子的形体特征的作用。不仅有非常明显的减肥作用 ,而且具有增加瘦体重从而改变身体成分 ,达到增强体质的作用。对于体重超重和肥胖者 ,减肥和降体重 ,改善身体成分的作用更为显著。大众艺术健身操对提高女子呼吸系统、循环系统机能水平也有一定的作用。对提高女子的力量、灵敏性、平衡能力及反应速度等身体素质有显著的作用。     

建设小康体育的社会学分析

从社会学视角对建设小康体育相关的社会因素进行分析，其目的在于探讨小康体育所需的社会背景、社会结构及其对建设小康体育的影响。文章认为：新时期体育工作方向明确，全民健身工作稳步前进，社会背景透视出基本具备建设小康体育的条件；社会阶层分布、城市化程度、教育发展水平等是影响全面建设小康体育进程的主要因素。     

全面建设小康社会与发展经济学

全面建设小康社会意味着中国这个世界上最大的发展中国家向富强、民主、文明迈出了更大的步伐 ;而与此同时 ,作为研究发展中国家经济发展问题的发展经济学却始终面临着学科危机。“全面建设小康社会”这一本土化理论与其所带来的丰富实践 ,为发展经济学的发展注入新的活力     

第14届男子篮球世锦赛中外优秀后卫队员技术运用能力的比较分析

通过临场技术统计、电视录像观察和逻辑分析,以及查阅了相关文献资料,对第14届男子篮球世锦赛中国男篮与外国男篮(前四名)优秀后卫队员技术运用的能力进行比较分析,旨在对比和寻找目前中外优秀后卫队员在技术运用能力上存在的差异。