熔岩管冷却过程中的热应力计算

除本身造成的直接灾害外,火山喷发的基性熔岩流动过程中经常会形成熔岩管.由于地下空洞的存在,熔岩管附近区域的地表稳定性会降低,容易发生坍塌,造成次生灾害。月球和火星上发现的熔岩管是未来外星探测基地的最佳选择,对于熔岩管稳定性研究也具有潜在价值。本文运用有限元方法,基于熔岩管形成机制,建立熔岩管形成后温度演化过程和相应的位移和热应力状况.通过分析熔岩管附近主应力的演化过程,考察不同物理参数(熔岩管的大小、深度、形状)对于熔岩管稳定性的影响。     

History of the preanalytical phase: a personal view

In the 70ies of the last century, ther term “preanalytical phase” was introduced in the literature. This term describes all actions and aspects of the “brain to brain circle” of the medical laboratory diagnostic procedure happening before the analytical phase. The author describes his personal experiences in the early seventies and the following history of increasing awareness of this phase as the main cause of “laboratory errors”. This includes the definitions of influence and interference factors as well as the first publications in book, internet, CD-Rom and recent App form over the past 40 years. In addition, a short summary of previous developments as prerequesits of laboratory diagnostic actions is described from the middle age matula for urine collection to the blood collection tubes, anticoagulants and centrifuges. The short review gives a personal view on the possible causes of missing awareness of preanalytical causes of error and future aspects of new techniques in regulation of requests to introduction of quality assurance programs for preanalytical factors.     

槽形抛物镜太阳能集热器的气象分区研究

依据热阻网络法所建立的槽形抛物镜——管簇结构腔体式吸收器太阳能集热器的稳态分析模型,和文中建立的集热器气象分区模型,在已知各种气象资料的前提下对世界上有代表性的各地区进行了一年各月热性能对比的气象分区研究。     

深井冻结凿井冻结管断裂原因分析及防治技术

在冻结法凿井中,因局部冻结管断裂,造成盐水泄漏,会引起连锁断管反应,降低冻结壁强度,威胁冻结凿井安全,如何防止冻结管断裂或在局部断管后如何采取有效的补救措施避免事故的进一步扩大,是冻结法凿井施工中的技术难题;在冻结管断裂原因、防止冻结管断裂和处理冻结管断裂技术等方面进行了具体分析,供类似深井冻结法施工参考。     

Application of Non-homogeneous Solution for Equations of Slender Ring Shells to Overall-Bending Problem of Ω-Shaped Bellows

ＮｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅｂｒａｄｉｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｎｇｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｈｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｏｆｒｉｎｇｓｈｅｌｓＲｒａｄｉｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｐａｒａｌｅｌｃｉｒｃｌｅＲ１,Ｒ２ｒａｄｉｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｃｕｒｖａｔｕｒｅ,Ｒ２＝ｂＲｍａｖｅｒａｇ...     

钼锑抗分光光度法测定地表水中总磷的若干影响因素

研究了具塞比色管、浊度等对用钼锑抗分光光度法进行地表水中总磷的测定的影响,说明在测定时,需要进行比色管的预处理,同时综合考虑浊度等的影响。     

无油真空系统在荧光显示管生产中的作用

本文主要研究用无油真空系统作为排气方法在荧光显示管生产中的作用．     

Deviating glucose results in an international dual-center study. A root cause investigation

During a dual-center study on obese and normal weight children and adolescents, focusing on glucose metabolism, we observed a marked difference in glucose results (N = 16,840) between the two sites, Salzburg, Austria and Uppsala, Sweden (P < 0.001). After excluding differences in patient characteristics between the two populations as cause of this finding, we investigated other preanalytic influences. Finally, only the tubes used for blood collection at the two sites were left to evaluate. While the Vacuette FC-Mix tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmünster, Austria) was used in Uppsala, in Salzburg blood collections were performed with a lithium heparin tube (LH-Monovette, Sarstedt, Germany). To prove our hypothesis, we collected two blood samples in either of these tubes from 51 children (Salzburg N = 27, Uppsala N = 24) and compared the measured glucose results. Indeed, we found the suspected bias and calculated a correction formula, which significantly diminished the differences of glucose results between the two sites (P = 0.023). Our finding is in line with those of other studies and although this issue should be widely known, we feel that it is widely neglected, especially when comparing glucose concentrations across Europe, using large databases without any information on preanalytic sample handling.     

Preanalytical quality improvement – in quality we trust

Background

The preanalytical phase represents the major source of variability in laboratory diagnostics. Our aim was to assess to what extent underfilling of primary blood tubes may impact upon routine coagulation testing.

Materials and methods:

Blood was drawn by syringe from 21 healthy volunteers and 6 patients on warfarin therapy, and immediately transferred into 3.6 mL vacuum tubes containing 3.2% sodium citrate (Terumo Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium). All tubes were filled using standardized volumes of whole blood to produce scalar amounts of filling: 3.6 mL (i.e., 100%), 3.2 mL (89%), 2.8 mL (78%) and 2.4 mL (67%). Samples were mixed and centrifuged at 1300 × g for 10 min. The plasma was tested for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FBG) on ACL TOP (Instrumentation Laboratory - IL, Milan, Italy), using IL reagents. A polynomial plot was derived for each parameter from interpolation of clotting values obtained with different percentages of filling, and these plots were compared with quality specifications (± 2.0 for PT, ± 2.3 for APTT and ± 4.8 for FBG) to calculate the minimal filling volume required to produce clinically acceptable results.

Results:

The equations were (PF, Percentage of filling): PT (sec) = 3.375 × PF^2–6.255 × PF + 17.806 (r = 0.980); APTT (sec) = 8.925 × PF^2–23.578 × PF + 46.356 (r = 0.979); and FBG (mg/dL) = −311.5 × PF^2 + 422.1 × PF + 147.07 (r = 0.994). According to these equations, the minimum allowed thresholds of blood tubes filling were > 61% for PT, > 87% for APTT and > 71% for FBG.

Conclusions:

Our results confirm that routine coagulation testing performed on underfilled tubes may generate biased and clinically misleading test results. This is particularly critical for APTT, wherein tubes filled at less than ∼90% generate unreliable data. The FBG and the PT seem more resistant to underfilling, clinical significant biases being observed only where blood tubes were filled at less than ∼60 and ∼70%, respectively.     

可调家用万年历的单片机原理

本文主要描述以HT48R30A单片机为微处理器构成的电路系统硬件的工作原理,着重介绍了本系统所应用的各硬件接口技术和各个接口模块的功能及工作过程.通过载体显示数据,所以具有人性化的操作.可以显示时间,公农历日期、星期,温度、节气,和当天距离节气的天数,并有闹铃和智能控制的功能.