Judges’ delivery of ground rules to child witnesses in Australian courts

Ground rules directions are given to children in forensic interviews to explain what is expected of them, and to reduce their tendency to acquiesce to erroneous or incomprehensible questions. Ground rules may also be necessary when children provide testimony in court. Drawing on research conducted for the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, the present study examined the use of ground rules directions delivered in court in 52 trials by 24 presiding judges in three jurisdictions to 57 child complainants (aged 7–17.5 years). Eleven categories of rules were identified. The number of words spoken to deliver each rule was counted, and grade-level readability scores were calculated as a proxy for the complexity of the ground rules. When judges asked comprehension or practice questions, the question types were coded. More than one third of the children (35%) received no ground rules directions from the judge; the remaining 65% received directions on an average of 3.5 types of ground rules out of a maximum of 11 types. While comprehension questions were common, practice questions were rare. Comprehension questions were most often presented in a yes/no format that implied the expected response, although this form of question is unlikely to provide an effective assessment of a child's comprehension. Neither the number of rules delivered nor the number of words used was related to children's age. Implications for children's court testimony are discussed.     

再议旅行社导游员薪酬制度——由香港“阿珍”现象引起的思考

导游员薪酬制度是导游员管理体制优化的关键,文章采用了定性分析与定量性分析相结合的方法,深入分析了旅行社导游员的薪酬结构中存在的问题,引鉴埃德.劳勒的全面薪酬理论对导游员的薪酬制度提出五个方面的优化建议。     

对跨国公司子公司治理结构的思考：基于委托-代理理论

在跨国公司中,母公司与子公司关系可以看作是一种委托代理结构,母公司将决策制定权利和义务委托给海外子公司。本文主要介绍了目前国内外关于跨国公司治理的相关文献综述、分析了委托代理理论视角下的跨国公司,在此基础上提出了跨国公司子公司治理的对策建议。     

纪委对同级党委及班子成员实施监督的几点思考

在党委直接领导下的纪委 ,不仅要履行对一般党员干部的纪律监督 ,更要担负起对同级党委及班子成员的监督。在目前纪检监督体制中存在着自身一些弊端 ,无法改变现阶段体制的情况下 ,应该正视客观现实 ,采取相应的对策 ,加强对党委及班子成员的有效监督。     

Worldview in religious education: autobiographical reflections on The Commission on Religious Education in England final report

ABSTRACT

The notion of worldview figures prominently in the recent discourse surrounding Religious Education (RE) in English schools following the publication of the final report of the Commission on Religious Education (CoRE) in 2018. This article reflects on the veracity of this initiative. It begins with an autobiographical reflection on the impact of worldview on the author’s development as a scholar. Then, the work of several critics of CoRE is discussed and a more nuanced understanding of worldview is developed as a result. Finally, the pedagogical implications of the shift to worldview are explored by drawing on the personal development approach of Michael Grimmitt and the responsible hermeneutics approach of Anthony Thiselton.     

会计委派制存在的问题与建议

会计委派制不符合国际惯例，缺乏法律依据，混淆了会计与审计的职能，忽略了会计的核算与管理职能．既与国家经济体制改革的目标相背离，也不符合利益相关者利益最大化的财务理念。解决会计信息失真的根本出路在于外部完善市场机制，内部健全治理结构。     

谈高职院校学生的班级管理

高职院校学生素质不一，要实现培养目标，班级管理尤为重要。首先要明确班级管理目标，建立一个内部团结、作风民主、关心同学、乐于助人的班委会，要通过积极的思想教育、开展丰富多彩的集体活动，创造良好的学习和生活环境，教育管理方法要“严”、“爱”结合。另外，还要利用好学生的课余时间，促进班级文化建设。     

佣金制度对保险代理人的行为影响的实验研究

佣金制度在激励保险代理人行为方面起着重要的作用,但是一味地提高佣金也可能导致保险代理人的短视行为．该文利用实验经济学的方法根据我国保险市场的特征设计了相应的实验,通过实验验证了佣金率的提高对保险代理人行为的促进性,但同时也发现随着被试交易经验的丰富,超过一定程度的佣金率也会促使保险代理人采取违规行为进行展业。     

图书馆有偿服务的新探索：书刊代租服务

The service of being commissioned to rent books and periodicals is a new approach to paid services of the library profession.It alliviates,to a certain extent,various contridictions emerged due to short funds.Also it suits the change of values and attitudes held by the readers,meeting their needs of reading and paid communication of personal books and periodicals,thus breaks through the traditional and long-standing mode of proinding services with the support of the library holdings.     

刑事赔偿程序缺欠及其完善

《国家赔偿法》的颁布和实施,是我国民主和法制建设过程中的重大进步。实践证明,国家赔偿法的实施,保障了公民的基本人权,弥补了公民因国家机关侵权而遭受的物质损失,抚慰了他们因之而受伤的心灵,同时从法律上规范了行政机关和司法机关依法行政、依法司法的意识和觉悟,提高了他