想象训练研究现状的分析

本文采用文献资料法对近十年刊载在中美四种主要期刊上的想象训练研究报告作了分析。结果表明想象训练正在从有效性研究向过程变量研究深化 ,研究面也由简单技术向复杂技术扩展 ,指出了目前复杂技术研究明显不足 ,还指出了基础理论在过程变量控制方面的研究严重滞后 ,在一定程度上影响了想象训练研究的进一步深化。本文为想象训练的研究和应用提供了有益的综合信息。     

College course scarcity and time to degree

College students are taking longer to earn baccalaureate degrees now than ever before, but little is known about institutional factors that may contribute to this trend. In this paper we investigate an important institutional constraint—course scarcity—that we hypothesize may be associated with increased time to degree. We employ a unique administrative dataset from a large, moderately selective, public institution and use an instrumental variables approach, identifying off the random registration times assigned to students. Results suggest that course scarcity does not delay students’ graduation. We explore alternative explanations for our findings and discuss a variety of other factors correlated with time to baccalaureate completion.     

Does working during higher education affect students’ academic progression?

This paper examines the effect of working during higher education on academic progression, in terms of number of credits acquired by first-year university students in Italy. We discuss different contrasting hypotheses on the role of employment during university on academic outcomes: the zero-sum perspective, the reconciliation thesis, the positive and the negative selection to work hypotheses. In the empirical part we analyze data from the Eurostudent survey, which collected data on a representative sample of university students who were enrolled in the academic year 2002/03, after the implementation of the ‘Bologna Process’. We use a negative binomial regression model considering work experience as an endogenous multinomial treatment. Results indicate that, conditional on observed covariates (socio-demographic variables, school-related and university-related variables), there is a positive self-selection into employment, especially for low-intensity work. Traditional multivariate regressions show a penalty in academic progression only for high-intensity workers, but once accounted for unobserved heterogeneity also the low-intensity work experience appears to negatively affect academic progression.     

A multi-criteria approach for the group assessment of an academic course: A case study

The present paper aims at proposing a structured methodology to evaluate the results of an academic training course addressed to postgraduate students. The evaluation process intends to identify the efficacy of an education course by means of a comparison between the general objectives and the results expected by the students. Since the evaluated aspects by the students, detected by means of questionnaires, are both quantitative and qualitative, the proposed methodology is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In order to facilitate the evaluation process, answers have been modelled by means of linguistic variables. In particular, different evaluation scales have been used and each one is characterized by different levels associated to different fuzzy numbers.     

最优购书量的讨论

运用概率论和微分学的知识,讨论在一定的广告费用和书本贮存费用的情况下,根据图书的购进价和售出价确定书店的最优购书量．     

NTM方法在非线性贝叶斯动态模型中的应用

将NTM方法应用于非线性贝叶斯动态模型，给出了它的递推公式以及随机变量的数字特征的计算，与蒙特卡洛方法相比提高了效率和精度.     

探讨英语快速阅读的问题与技巧

信息时代的信息爆炸,学生时代的应试之需,提高快速阅读能力,势在必行。掌握必要的阅读技巧,克服不良的主客观因素,将是提高快速阅读能力的关键。     

小说中称谓语的语境顺应研究——以《一个女人的史诗》为例

称谓是人类社会语言文化的一种普遍现象,往往反映特定语言环境中人与人之间的关系。小说中的称谓语顺应社交世界、心理世界和物理世界等不同的语境因素,体现场合的正式程度,时空的转换,说话者的情感和性格等。对小说中称谓语的研究有助于文学作品的鉴赏和创造。     

功能词隐喻意义习得中的语境效应

隐喻是人类日常生活中必不可少的语言现象,也是语言学习(尤其是二语习得)中非常重要的一个方面。虽然已有研究表明上下文(co-text)对实词(lexical word)隐喻意义的习得有一定的作用,但关于语境效应对功能词(functional word)隐喻意义理解作用的研究却不多。该文通过理论研究,实验调查等方法就语境效应如何作用于对功能词隐喻意义的理解这一问题进行了调查。结果发现上下文中附加信息的增减,事件发生顺序的改变等因素对情态动词本体域与认识域之间的投射,并列连词对称及不对称用法,"if"的条件/让步用法等隐喻意义的理解产生影响。最后,该文为二语教师、二语学习者及语言测试机构提供了一些实践性的建议。     

否定词与“了”共现结构的汉韩对比研究

汉语动词按时间特征可分为持续性动词和非持续性动词,在句法平面,否定词与＂了＂共现的格式对汉语动词具有选择性：持续类动词可以无条件进入,非持续动词必须有条件地进入。同时,汉语的＂不……了＂和＂没有……了＂与韩语的＂…■…■＂＂…■…＂对应也较工整。语用平面中,汉语否定形式基本不受语境的干扰,而韩语则有时要通过产生新的否定方式来满足语境变化的需求。