2001年全国游泳冠军赛接力项目接跳技术分析

为了提高我国游泳接力项目的水平，采用自动计时装置接力出发判断器对2001年全国游泳冠军赛接力项目全部参赛队的预、决赛接跳时间进行研究，发现大多数运动员和接力队的接跳时间处于较差水平，分析了接跳技术上存在的问题。研究证实当水下运动员在最后一次移臂动作臂出水时，接跳运动员开始做出发动作，接跳时间个人为0．10s，全队为0．30s是合理的评价标准。     

论翻译中语境的制约功能

语境是语际翻译中的一个重要的制约因素,它不仅制约着翻译的理解过程,还制约着语义、话语结构线索与内部信息以及语言的使用与选择等翻译全过程。     

指称限定词有定的语义理解

指称限定词包括冠词、指示限定词、物主限定词和名词所有格四类,从传统语法视角分析,这四类词不一定都是有定限定词,特别是不定冠词"a(n)",理由是它表迭的是一个数的概念,但事实不是如此.这四类词都有定指称概念,只是有定指称的推导应该符合语义同一条件,即必须有话语语境.     

汉语限定成分的语用属性

有些学者相信汉语里明确存在限定词,本文通过对所谓限定词共现现象的考察,论述了句法解释的困难,进一步指出有两个明显倾向值得注意:一是人称代词总是居于另外的限定成分之前;二是人称代词总是负载着某种语用意义。从这个发现可以得出一个一致的解释,就是该人称代词表示了说话人移情的方向——说话人把自己认同于该人称代词所代表的那个人的说话/认识立场。与此同时,人称代词后面的指示性成分、无定性成分也常常以体现主观性意义为主要功能。本文的结论是,汉语里类似于限定词的语法成分,往往是为语用目的而使用的。     

Influence of capitalisation and presence of an article in noun phrase recognition in German: Evidence from eye-tracking

Background

German is exceptional in its use of noun capitalisation. It has been suggested that sentence-internal capitalisation as in German may benefit processing by specifically marking a noun and thus a noun phrase (NP). However, other cues, such as a determiner, can also indicate an NP. The influence of capitalisation on processing may thus be context-dependent, that is, dependent on other cues. Precisely this context dependency is investigated in the current study: Is there an effect of capitalisation on reading and is this affected by the presence of other cues such as a determiner (specifically, an article)?

Methods

We ran an eye-tracking study with 30 German-speaking adults, measuring fixations during sentence reading. Critical NPs either contained correctly capitalised nouns or not and were presented either with or without a determiner.

Results

The results show that both the presence of capitalisation on the noun and the presence of a determiner led to faster reading. When no determiner was present to signal the NP, the presence of noun capitalisation aided reading most.

Conclusions

From these results, we conclude that the influence of capitalisation is indeed context dependent: Capitalisation aids processing most when no other cue is present. Thus, different cues play a role in NP recognition. Based on these findings, we argue that noun capitalisation should not be studied in isolation. We argue that a better understanding of capitalisation as a reading aid is relevant for teaching reading strategies.     

英语限定词的归位与限定词词组的假设

对现代英语语法词法中英语限定词的分类与归位进行讨论研究,提出限定词词组这一设想,使限定词的研究更加细化与深入.     

从认知角度看量词"片"修饰视觉域具体名词

本文描写“片”修饰视觉域具体名词的用法,并采用认知语言学的相关理论方法对这些用法进行了解释。除做个体量词外,“片”修饰的成分多具有无界性或个体间的同质性,“片”做个体量词时的非典型特征对促成这一功能有重要作用。是否用“片”还与事物在认知上形成的意象有关。     

关于“that”(英文)

that是英语中极具特色的多功能词。它可起指代作用 ,作关系代词的先行词 ,代替名词 ,避免重复 ,表示强调 ;起限定作用 ,可修饰名词、形容词和代词 ;起连接作用 ,引导从句。在口语以及非正式文体中经常可以省略。