九十年代反思录(下)

九十年代的中国社会最大的特征就是市场经济制度的形成。为加强中国的综合国力和国际竞争力而进行的改革开放,以向已经发生了重要变化的世界资本主义市场体系开放的重要内容,国家和市场的体系被重新考量。由此带来的中国经济从门类比较齐全的产业经济转向以金融为主导的,由货币和投资拉动的"债务货币经济"。这一转型也带来了九十年代中国社会的转型,其间暴露出的经济问题和社会问题,不仅需要理论梳理,更需以国家社会发展为己任不断实践。     

边疆民族地区农村教育扶贫的空间性思考--以云南省瑞丽市D傣寨为例的分析

本研究以云南省瑞丽市D傣寨为例,从空间性的视角探讨边疆民族地区农村教育扶贫的有效路径,强调社会文化的再生产应以主体的在场为前提,具有场域性和空间性。教育作为社会文化再生产的主要方式,在不同的社会形态中均具有特定的空间性特点。本研究中首先以传统的奘寺教育为例,阐明传统教育的实践空间具有地域性特点;其次运用数据分析,呈现瑞丽城乡教育资源分布不均的特点,这种不均在结果上表现为农村傣族青壮年多外出从事体力劳动并且最终返乡。教育赋予了个体实现就业流动的能力,这种赋能体现了以人力资本为基础的劳动力市场的运转逻辑和跨时空联结。学校是现代教育的实践空间,成为将社会行动从地方社会脱离出来的脱域机制,并对传统社会文化空间产生冲击。本研究还对目前教育扶贫中的行政举措和市场力量加以分析,由此强调教育扶贫需遵从场域的逻辑,重视农村社区教育的建设;村落社区公共文化空间的重构是有效增强内生动力的非制度化路径,儿童应成为非制度化路径中教育扶贫的重要对象。这是教育精准扶贫的应有之义。     

Improving spatial thinking skills among undergraduate geology students through short online training exercises

ABSTRACT

Spatial reasoning is a critical skill in the Geosciences. Using a randomized control study with 592 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory and advanced Geology courses, our data indicates that regular, short interventions throughout an academic semester improve students’ spatial thinking skills significantly with a moderate to large effect size when compared to an instruction-as-usual control group. We found evidence for additional gains in students who participated also in hands-on training interventions. We found even larger training effects on students who achieved correct scores of >50% on the practice modules, with gains of almost three-quarter of a standard deviation relative to their baseline scores. Male and female students display significant differences in spatial skills, with males outperforming females. Training resulted in similar magnitudes of improvement in both genders, so we see no evidence that the interventions closed the gender gap. Using the initial performance as a baseline, poor performers’ spatial skills appear to improve through practice at the same rate as their peers. We argue that 15.4% of students improve their spatial skills through participation in the training towards a threshold that appears to be critical for participation in STEM careers. On a reflection survey, half of the students reported that they felt their spatial thinking skills improved through their participation, and over a third found the training beneficial for their overall learning in Geology or other classes. We hypothesise that formal training opportunities for spatial reasoning could increase the potential pool of students who successfully enter and succeed in Geoscience careers.     

九十年代反思录(下)

九十年代的中国社会最大的特征就是市场经济制度的形成。为加强中国的综合国力和国际竞争力而进行的改革开放,以向已经发生了重要变化的世界资本主义市场体系开放的重要内容,国家和市场的体系被重新考量。由此带来的中国经济从门类比较齐全的产业经济转向以金融为主导的,由货币和投资拉动的"债务货币经济"。这一转型也带来了九十年代中国社会的转型,其间暴露出的经济问题和社会问题,不仅需要理论梳理,更需以国家社会发展为己任不断实践。