省力原则在英语广告中的应用

摘要：省力原则作为一条指导人类行为的根本性原则，力求以最小的代价换取最大的收益，而广告也是力求以最简洁的语言传达出更多的信息。本文从词汇、语法层面和修辞三个方面分析了省力现象在英语广告中的应用。     

Early Literacy and the Public Library: An Opportunity of a Lifetime (of Reading)

In this article, author Bill Ptacek says that the future is now, and, at least from the 1970s through today, in the field of early childhood work, the future has come so fast that it is constantly upon us. That reality means that those concerned about young children in libraries have been about adaptation on a continuing basis. In this world of rapid change, innovation is constant: City firefighters come to the libraries in uniform to read stories to children, library outreach specialists take programs to daycare centers in their communities, and staff members create a space in a library devoted to early childhood reading. This tradition of rapid change means that the early childhood staff of most large public libraries in North America is changing for the future on a regular basis. The work unit should be considered seriously as one model for 21st century public library reform.     

发挥学生在课堂上的主体作用——初中历史活动课教学的几点体会

中学历史活动课教学有利于教师树立新的教育理念;有利于培养学生的创新能力和实践能力。活动课要强调学生的自主性、能动性、创造性,发挥学生在课堂上的主体作用。活动课的实施过程中还应注意:趣味性原则和全体性原则、及时评估的原则、次数适当的原则。     

“But it doesn’t come naturally”: how effort expenditure shapes the benefit of growth mindset on women’s sense of intellectual belonging in computing

Research suggests growth mindset, or the belief that knowledge is acquired through effort, may enhance women’s sense of belonging in male-dominated disciplines, like computing. However, other research indicates women who spend a great deal of time and energy in technical fields experience a low sense of belonging. The current study assessed the benefits of a growth mindset on women’s (and men’s) sense of intellectual belonging in computing, accounting for the amount of time and effort dedicated to academics. We define “intellectual belonging” as the sense that one is believed to be a competent member of the community. Whereas a stronger growth mindset was associated with stronger intellectual belonging for men, a growth mindset only boosted women’s intellectual belonging when they did not work hard on academics. Our findings suggest, paradoxically, women may not benefit from a growth mindset in computing when they exert a lot of effort.     

同声传译中的预测

根据Daniel Gile的认识负荷模型理论，同声传译的译员在翻译过程中精力分为听解分析、言语生成、短期记忆及协调四个部分。为了降低译员的精力负荷，提高翻译的质量，试从减轻记忆负担的角度分析了预测在同传中所发挥的作用，同声传译中的预测方法。以及预测中的补救措施。掌握了预测技巧，译员在同传过程中便会更加游刃有余。     

基于能力和努力的人才"双力"模型

本文从企业管理的实践出发,在分析传统人才管理理论的基础上,吸收归因理论的思想,通过访谈和调查问卷,提出了基于能力和努力的人才“双力”模型,并对该模型进行了实证研究与分析,最终建立了一个使企业人才培养和企业发展紧密结合的思维框架和工具。     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

Effects of different sequences of examples and problems on motivation and learning

Recent research has shown that example study only (EE) and example-problem pairs (EP) were more effective (i.e., higher test performance) and efficient (i.e., attained with less effort invested in learning and/or test tasks) than problem-example pairs (PE) and problem solving only (PP). We conducted two experiments to investigate how different example and problem-solving sequences would affect motivational (i.e., self-efficacy, perceived competence, and topic interest) and cognitive (i.e., effectiveness and efficiency) aspects of learning. In Experiment 1, 124 technical students learned a mathematical task with the help of EEEE, EPEP, PEPE, or PPPP and then completed a posttest. Students in the EEEE Condition showed higher posttest performance, self-efficacy, and perceived competence, attained with less effort investment, than students in the EPEP and PPPP Condition. Surprisingly, there were no differences between the EPEP and PEPE Condition on any of the outcome measures. We hypothesized that, because the tasks were relevant for technical students, starting with a problem might not have negatively affected their motivation. Therefore, we replicated the experiment with a different sample of 81 teacher training students. Experiment 2 showed an efficiency benefit of EEEE over EPEP, PEPE, and PPPP. However, only EEEE resulted in greater posttest performance, self-efficacy, and perceived competence than PPPP. We again did not find any differences between the EPEP and PEPE Condition. These results suggest that, at least when short training phases are used, studying examples (only) is more preferable than problem solving only for learning. Moreover, this study showed that example study (only) also enhances motivational aspects of learning whereas problem solving only does not positively affect students’ motivation at all.     

我国优秀女子铅球运动员最后用力技术的运动学分析

采用技术动作录像拍摄与分析法、数理统计分析等研究方法,对我国优秀女子铅球运动员的最后用力技术分别从身体各关节与出手速度、最后用力的两个阶段技术参数,人与铅球系统重心的位移等方面,结合铅球专项理论、运动训练学、运动生物力学等理论进行运动学分析,旨在探讨我国优秀女子铅球运动员最后用力技术的特点,进一步提高其训练的科学性、针对性。