Modelling the long-run learning impact of the Covid-19 learning shock: Actions to (more than) mitigate loss

This paper uses a calibrated “pedagogical production function” model to estimate the potential long-term losses to children’s learning from the temporary shock of Covid-19 related school closures. It then models possible gains from two mitigation strategies. Without mitigation, children could lose more than a full year’s worth of learning from a three-month school closure because they will be behind the curriculum when they re-enter school and will fall further behind as time goes on. Remediation when children return to school reduces the long-term learning loss by half, but still leaves children more than half a year behind where they would have been with no shock. Remediation combined with long-term reorientation of curriculum to align with children’s learning levels fully mitigates the long-term learning loss due to the shock and surpasses the learning in the counterfactual of no shock by more than a full year’s worth of learning. Systems need to begin planning now for remediation programmes, and as they do so they should build programmes and train teachers in ways that can continue to produce benefits beyond the period immediately following reopening.     

应用牛磺酸消除运动性疲劳的可行性分析

本文从运动生物化学角度入手，对运动性疲劳进行了分析和研究。同时研究分析了牛磺酸对运动性疲劳的作用。牛磺酸能促进运动自由基的代谢。缓解运动性疲劳，是一种有效的运动营养补剂，具有广泛的应用前景。     

Should Children Attend Their Parent's Funerals?

The paper discusses elements of the findings of 'Iceberg', a doctoral study at the University of York addressing many issues of child bereavement through a retrospective study of nearly one hundred individuals who had either experienced the death of a parent when they were at school, or were the surviving parent of such a child. The research revealed issues of lack of control and information for children after a parental death. Forty-seven per cent of those in the study attended the funeral of their parent. There was correlation between the age of children and attendance at the funeral. Of the fifty-three per cent of children not attending, twenty-four per cent of them were forbidden to attend, whilst eleven per cent of them were distracted from attending the funeral, such as being sent to school or a neighbours and being unaware that it was taking place. None of the children attending the funeral reported any negative experiences, and two thirds of them reported it as a positive or helpful event. In contrast, over three-quarters of those not attending later wished that they had. Over a third had feelings of regret, others feeling that they had been excluded from the family at the time of the death, and felt anger, hurt, and frustration. The conclusion was that the best strategy is to give children informed choice about whether or not to attend. If children do attend a negative outcome seems unlikely, but it would be prudent to prepare them as to what to expect at the ceremony.     

力量锻炼在控制体重中的作用机理初探

力量与力量耐力是健康体适能的重要组成成分。研究表明，力量锻炼在控制体重中的作用机理主要是通过以下两种途径实现的：一是增加安静时的能量代谢率；二是增加脂肪氧化。建议人们，要获得最佳健康并有效控制体重，应将有氧运动与力量锻炼相结合。     

关注教师的教育情感

作者对目前教师教育情感的失落作了简要描述,以期引起重视。     

电动跑台对提高竞走运动员步频的研究

采用竞走运动员无氧阈值速度的测定与应用方法 ,分别对运动员进行 3个阶段逐级提高速度的跑台竞走实验 ,经过统计学处理和实际比赛的对比 ,结果表明 :利用电动跑台进行辅助训练 ,可以加快发展竞走运动员的动作速率 ,有效提高竞走运动员的步频 ,创造优异成绩。     

少儿体操运动员专项训练中的生理负荷和能量消耗

采用测试方法，对少儿体操运动员专项训练中的生理负荷和能量消耗特点进行分析。结果表明，少儿体操运动员运动时的生理负荷和能量消耗，与训练水平、动作难度、机能状态等因素相关；认为，训练中应控制训练次数、间隙时间，同时应采用合理的膳食结构，保证运动员机体的热量供给。     

我国男子撑竿跳高腾起高度的能量守恒定律分析

通过录像研究、资料查阅、数理分析等方法,依据能量转化与守恒定律,分析了撑竿跳高过程中的能量来源与转化, 总结出助跑、起跳、团身展体、引体推竿这四个过程是动能获得的根源;在整个跳跃过程中,一部分能量被损耗,另一部分转化为身体重心腾至最高点时的势能和过竿时的水平动能, 并提出:加强能量来源与减少能量损失是获得较高腾高的根本方法.     

脂肪细胞因子与肥胖及能量代谢的研究进展

脂肪细胞是能量储存细胞,也是活跃的内分泌细胞。现已发现人类脂肪细胞分泌几十种脂肪细胞因子,它们对机体的能量代谢及脂肪积累具有显著的调节功能。重点阐述在机体能量代谢平衡调控中起主要作用的脂肪细胞因子,并通过分析脂肪细胞因子对机体能量代谢的调节作用与肥胖之间的关系,为运动减肥和糖尿病的运动治疗提供了新的研究方向。     

植物生物质能化学转化技术工艺模式的比较研究

常规能源的有限性和日益严重的环境污染,使寻找清洁的可再生能源成为人类关注的焦点。植物生物质能由于其数量巨大,对环境影响小,并且有可再生性,成为目前的主要选择之一。植物生物质能化学转化技术由于能得到更有价值的气体、液体产物,提供高效清洁的能源,因而作为一项资源高效利用的新工艺日益受到重视,对植物生物质能燃烧、液化、热解、气化等化学转化技术的工艺模式进行比较研究具有十分重要的意义。