How I teach evidence-based epidural information in a hospital and keep my job

A childbirth educator reveals her dilemma in teaching evidence-based practice in today's high-tech birth climate. She focuses on strategies to use when sharing epidural information with expectant parents.     

57例显微镜下泪小管断裂吻合手术临床分析

目的：探讨在显微镜下泪小管断裂断端的寻找方法及泪小管断裂吻合联合泪道引流管置管术的疗效,提高泪小管吻合术的成功率。方法：选择2006年1月至2013年5月收治泪小管断裂57例患者,采用在显微镜直视下寻找的方法,找到泪小管鼻侧断端和泪囊侧断端,置入硬膜外管作为泪小管内支撑物,吻合泪小管断端,留置引流管3-6个月,拔管后3-12个月随访观察疗效。结果：治愈53例,拔管后泪道冲洗均通畅,无溢泪现象,4例主观感觉有少许溢泪症状,但冲洗泪道试验通畅,行泪道扩张冲洗2-3次后症状消失,无眼睑内外翻或泪小管撕裂等症状。结论：在显微镜下行泪小管断端吻合术,较容易寻找到泪小管鼻侧断端,手术成功率高,恢复泪道排泪功能效果肯定。     

芬太尼、罗比卡因配伍用于直肠癌术后硬膜外镇痛的临床观察

[目的]研究芬太尼、罗比卡因配伍用于硬膜外术后镇痛的临床效果及不良反应。[方法]ASAI-Ⅱ级择期直肠癌切除术患者60例,按术后硬膜外用药的不同随机分为两组,每组30例、Ⅰ级(观察组)术后硬膜外用药为2ml/h微量止痛泵加入0.2％罗比卡因100ml、芬太尼0.2mg,Ⅱ组(对照组)术后硬膜外用药为2ml/h微量止痛泵中入0.25％布比卡因100ml、芬太尼0.2mg术后行视觉模拟评分(VAS)(Visual analogue scale),BCS(bruggrmann comfort scale)舒适评分并观察不良反应发生情况。[结果]Ⅰ组VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。BCS评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。两组均无术后不良反应发生。[结论]芬太尼、罗比卡因配伍硬膜持续应用可获得良好的术后镇痛效果。     

咪达唑仑硬膜外麻醉的临床应用

目的：探讨咪达唑仑硬膜外麻醉的临床应用。方法：将2011年襄樊职业技术学院附属医院硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部或下肢手术的病例60例,随机平分2组。硬膜外麻醉阻滞完善后,Ⅰ组病人静脉注射咪达唑仑0.1-0.2 mg/kg,Ⅱ组病人未给予任何镇静药物,同时监测血压、心率、血氧饱和度、呼吸变化、焦虑程度,术后24 h随访病人的术中记忆。结果：Ⅰ组病人应用咪达唑仑后血压、心率轻度下降,焦虑程度明显下降;Ⅱ组病人术中血压、心率升高,相对Ⅰ组病人明显焦虑紧张（P〈0.01）。术后24 h随访对术中记忆的遗忘率,Ⅰ组病人明显高于Ⅱ组病人（P〈0.01）。结论：咪达唑仑用于硬膜外麻醉,可以消除病人在手术中的不良记忆,是一种方便、安全、疗效高的麻醉辅助方法。     

Differences Between Patient and Provider Perceptions of Informed Decision Making About Epidural Analgesia Use During Childbirth

The objective of this study was to determine whether differences exist between patient and provider perceptions regarding the decision-making process around use of epidural analgesia during childbirth. The dyadic patient–provider Decisional Conflict Scale was modified to measure first-time mother (n = 35) and maternity care provider (n = 52) perceptions. Providers perceived a greater degree of informed decision making than patients (84.97 vs. 79.41, p = .04) and were more likely to recall they upheld patients’ rights to make informed choices than patients were to perceive their rights had been upheld (85.95 vs. 71.73, p < .01). This incongruity highlights the need to align legal principles with practice to create mutual agreement between stakeholder perceptions of informed decision making.     

腰—硬膜外联合麻醉不良原因探讨

阐述腰麻硬膜外麻醉作为一种新的麻醉方法,其麻醉管理相对复杂。分析其临床应用产生不良反应的原因,并探讨一些克服方法。     

Safe,Healthy Birth: What Every Pregnant Woman Needs to Know

In spite of technology and medical science''s ability to manage complex health problems, the current maternity care environment has increased risks for healthy women and their babies. It comes as a surprise to most women that standard maternity care does not reflect best scientific evidence. In this column, evidence-based maternity care practices are discussed with an emphasis on the practices that increase safety for mother and baby, and what pregnant women need to know in order to have safe, healthy births is described.     

盐酸罗哌卡因与盐酸布比卡因在低位硬膜外麻醉下行妇科手术的临床比较

目的 对比盐酸罗哌卡因和盐酸布比卡因的临床效果,为盐酸罗哌卡因应用妇科手术提供临床依据.方法 选择2012年至今在襄阳职业技术学院附属医院进行择期妇科手术病人50例,均分两组分别接受A组盐酸罗哌卡因(观察组25例)和B组盐酸布比卡因(对照组25例)施行低位硬膜外麻醉.观察两组在低位硬膜外麻醉方面的临床效果,同时监测手术期间心电图P-R、QRS波间期的变化及其它局麻药不良反应.结果 A组和B组感觉阻滞达到T6平面以上的病例分别为80％和88％,Bromage≥2分的病例分别为76％和88％,两组在麻醉效能方面无显著差异.A组未见任何局麻药不良反应,而B组共有6例发生心动过缓、P-R及QRS波间期延长、恶心、胸闷、头晕、耳鸣等不适.结论 盐酸罗哌卡因与盐酸布比卡因在低位硬膜外麻醉行妇科手术中均可达到满意的麻醉效果,但使用盐酸罗哌卡因行低位硬膜外麻醉比使用盐酸布比卡因的临床安全性更高.     

Patient and Provider Perceptions of Decision Making About Use of Epidural Analgesia During Childbirth: A Thematic Analysis

This study examines the nature of differences in perceptions of decision making between patients and providers about use of epidural analgesia during labor. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in written survey responses from 14 patients, 13 labor nurses, and 7 obstetrician–gynecologists. Results revealed patients attempted to place themselves in an informed role in decision making and sought respect for their decisions. Some providers demonstrated paternalism and a tendency to steer patients in the direction of their own preferences. Nurses observed various pressures on decision making, reinforcing the importance of patients being supported to make an informed choice. Differences in perceptions suggest need for improvement in communication and shared decision-making practices related to epidural analgesia use in labor.