Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

Between Policy and Practice: Archival Descriptions,Digital Returns and a Place for Coalescing Narratives

ABSTRACT

The Strathfieldsaye Estate collection at the University of Melbourne Archives is discussed in relation to recognising, protecting and reclaiming Koori (First Peoples of southeast Australia) heritage. The settler collection includes early 1900s photographs of Koori people within two distinct albums – a family album that includes a series of studio portraits of Koori adults and children, and an album depicting Koori families on Ramahyuck Aboriginal Mission Station. In the past, these albums have been defined by, and limited to, traditional archiving practices excluding Koori interpretation, authorship and social context. Restoring Koori ownership and authorship of intangible heritage plays a large part in consolidating ancestor photographs with Koori perspectives of identity and culture.     

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.     

论体育的人学观

体育教育同其他教育相同，必须以人学观为依据。本文通过对体育人学的论述，在重新认识“人”的基础之上，旨在让体育树立起人学的理念，强化“以人为本“的思想，使体育向人文教育升华。新世纪的体育教育，在人学观的指导下，必须向“成人’’(使人成为人)教育转变。     

馆藏文献是人类文明的共同记忆——《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》试行有感

爱护文献资源是《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》规定的每个馆员应遵守的道德准则。图书馆员应树立馆藏文献是人类文明记忆的理念 ,建立科学管理制度 ,做到片纸不丢。规范职业行为 ,必须具有爱护文献资源的理念和品格。参考文献 3。     

园林景观动画设计初探

本文通过对计算机三维动画的相关理论与技术的初步探讨，并结合环境景观动画的制作实例，介绍了该技术在园林景观动画设计方面的应用和发展前景。     

用科学的发展观指导现代档案建设

档案事业发展，系关人类文明进步，用科学的发展观指导档案建设，立档案丰碑，为世界服务。这是时代的要求，发展的要求，建设的要求．和平的要求，文明的要求。要转变理念，要有战略胆量，要坚决行动。     

以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,用科学发展观统筹群众体育工作

从科学发展观探讨了群众体育工作的规律,提出安徽省群众体育的特殊规律及措施.     

人的主体性及其道德思考

人的主体性一直是西方近现代哲学的中心问题 ,也是现代文明的核心内容。人类主体积极、能动的创造性活动推动了人类社会文明发展 ,也带来了一系列的社会问题。人的主体性活动由于本身所具有的局限性 ,必然要受到各种主客观条件的制约 ,其中 ,道德是主体实践活动健康发展的重要条件。道德一方面制约人的行为 ,另一方面激励人们去追求和发展 ,为主体性的发挥提供更广阔的空间