从科场魁元到学界泰斗——张謇兴教生涯考察

张謇是中国近代从科举营垒中叛杀出来的伟大教育家。他经过30年艰辛拼搏登上了科举制度的峰巅,这正好为他从教育的功能与地位、培养目标、教育方针、课程设置、教学方法、实业与教育的关系、教师与师范的地位、学校管理、教育发展规律等方面阐发新的教育思想,并最终创立新的教育体系准备了条件。而他之所以能从旧教育的科场魁元转变为新教育的学界泰斗,是因为他勇于并善于顺应时代潮流、实业先行、推陈出新、洋为中用和循序渐进的结果。考察张謇25年的兴教生涯,可以为今天更好地推进社会主义现代化的文教事业提供有益的借鉴。     

Teachers＇ Opinion Concerning Common Exams Administered in Elementary Schools

The common exams that have been administered in elementary school since 2007-2008 academic year are inter-classes mid-term evaluations. With these exams, measuring the teachers＇ performance as well as revealing the differences among the classes are aimed at. Therefore, evaluating these exams in terms of teachers＇ opinions is essentially important to realize the aim mentioned above. This study aims to get the teachers＇ considerations on common exams, if any, to determine the problems and their solutions related with common exams. Case study, one of the qualitative research methods, has been used in this research. The research group is consisted of 60 teachers working in a variety of elementary schools in Ankara province in 2009-2010 academic year. The interview form, prepared by the researcher, was administered to elementary school teachers in research group. The interview form was structured to explore teachers＇ views on common exams by using five questions. The content analysis was used in order to analyze, sort and quantify the written and verbal data. At the end of the study, it is stated that according to the teachers, the purpose of the common exams is to state the level of classes and the cooperation between classes and to determine whether the objectives of the courses has been achieved. It is concluded difficulties in giving lectures synchronously in school, non-existence of cooperation between teachers and having difficulties during the preparation of the exam questions are the main problems, which teachers faced with. Teachers participated in the interviews emphasized the advantages of the common exams rather than disadvantages of it.     

Retooling Education: Testing and the Liberal Arts

The motivation and methodology for measuring intelligence have changed repeatedly in the modern history of large-scale student testing. Test makers have always sought to identify raw aptitude for cultivation, but they have never figured out how to promote excellence while preserving equality. They’ve settled for egalitarianism, which gives rise to “culturally fair” tests that substitute vagaries for knowledge, deprive students of any real appreciation for language, and trivialize education. Robert Jackson yearns for traditional oratorical approaches to schooling that venerate and imitate essential, time-tested masters. Unfortunately, he writes, such an education defies measurement with today’s multiple-choice instruments.

对当前大学生考研与就业抉择心理的分析与引导

对于在校生来说,在考研与就业问题上最大的困惑就是“直接就业好,还是考研好？”造成大家难以取舍的根本原因还是现实的利益关系复杂,鱼和熊掌难以兼得。作为老师,要帮助学生摆正心态,科学分析两者的利弊关系,做出最适合自己的选择。     

从大学生英语考试作弊来看大学考试作弊开除学籍的合法性

大学生考试作弊,尤其是在英语考试中作弊,已成为大学校园里见怪不怪的现象,它不仅破坏了考试公平、公正的原则,而且败坏了良好的学风和校风。不健全的法律制度和不完善的考试管理机制是大学生考试作弊的主要原因之一。基于此,通过考试作弊开除学籍的法理分析,对大学依法治校、依法治考进行反思。在此基础上,建议建立健全大学生的诚信机制,建立学生诚信档案;改革教育评价体系,注重学生实际能力;通过立法形式规范考试管理,以期进一步净化大学考试环境。     

试论考研大学生的心理顾虑及调试策略

随着我国高等教育的发展和就业形势的日益严峻,越来越多的大学生加入了考研大军。但是,面对考研,很多学生难以下定决心,有的虽然决定考研,也存在诸多心理顾虑。本文对考研大学生存在的心理顾虑及其产生原因进行了剖析,并提出了积极的调试策略,以帮助大学生走出顾虑,坚定考研信心。     

高校考试违纪学生的心理援助

高校考试违纪现象层出不穷,本研究具体探讨大学生考试违纪的心理原因及考试违纪后的心理状态,并提出对考试违纪学生进行心理援助的具体办法,包括情绪缓解、认知转变和学业规划三部分。以此来帮助考试违纪学生更加务实、乐观、积极地开始新一轮的学习生活。     

考试作弊的成本分析及其控制

人是理性的利益行为者,人从事某种行为会考虑其相应的收益。目前考试作弊的现象愈演愈烈,是由于考生考试作弊的收益远远大于其所付出的成本。通过提高考试作弊的成本可以控制考试作弊行为的发生。     

“中高职自考衔接”办学实践与探索

＂中高职自考衔接＂办学,必须明确办学目的,规范发展方向;强调办学职责,提高合作质量;构建合理的课程体系,重视能力结构;制定落实规章制度,规范教学管理;提升大学生荣誉感,促进学生成长;发挥班主任引导作用,强化学生管理。     

高校课程考试成绩正态分布辨析

目前我国高校在教学管理中普遍存在对学生课程考试成绩呈正态分布的要求。以高校英语阅读课程为例,在掌握学习的理论框架下,通过理论推理和考试数据分析发现,学校课程考试成绩呈明显偏态分布。把学习作为一个系统,对考试要素与其他要素之间的信息交互进行分析发现,正态分布下的考试要素信息呈现熵最大趋势,给整个学习系统提供混乱信息,课程难以形成负反馈调节机制,教学目标、学习目标和学习达成结果之间的匹配度被削弱,在教学决策和学习决策上均表现出信息熵增加,造成系统信息无序化。建议高校取消对课程考试的正态分布要求,分析具体课程的掌握达成分布规律,使用更准确的分布描述考试成绩。