修辞话语建构双重运作:陌生化和熟知化

修辞话语建构是两个认知系统中的双重运作 ,即 :通过修辞认知 ,“变熟悉为陌生” ;通过概念认知 ,“变陌生为熟悉”。前者进入修辞配价关系 ,以审美自由敞开话语主体的感觉系统 ;后者进入语法配价关系 ,以有限的认知模式解读无限丰富的世界。二者不能采取相反的运作路向。     

探析纳博科夫的现实观——以《洛丽塔》为例

纳博科夫是一位独创性的作家,他阐述并践行了一套极具个人特色的现实观：一方面,他坚信“没有事实不成艺术”,同时他又强调“艺术创造着自身的现实”,文学作品是客观现实和主观现实的统一体。作为作家最为钟爱的作品,《洛丽塔》完美阐释了这一现实观：小说描绘并讽刺了以汽车旅馆和消费文化为代表的美国当代社会,也通过想象、文字游戏、戏仿等陌生化手段重构了主观现实,增加了审美快感。     

Virtual Dissection: An Interactive Anatomy Learning Tool

The novelty of three-dimensional visualization technology (3DVT), such as virtual reality (VR), has captured the interest of many educational institutions. This study’s objectives were to (1) assess how VR and physical models impact anatomy learning, (2) determine the effect of visuospatial ability on anatomy learning from VR and physical models, and (3) evaluate the impact of a VR familiarization phase on learning. This within-subjects, crossover study recruited 78 undergraduate students who studied anatomical structures at both physical and VR models and were tested on their knowledge immediately and 48 hours after learning. There were no significant differences in test scores between the two modalities on both testing days. After grouping participants on visuospatial ability, low visuospatial ability learners performed significantly worse on anatomy knowledge tests compared to their high visuospatial ability counterparts when learning from VR immediately (P = 0.001, d = 1.515) and over the long-term (P = 0.003, d = 1.279). In contrast, both low and high visuospatial ability groups performed similarly well when learning from the physical model and tested immediately after learning (P = 0.067) and over the long-term (P = 0.107). These results differ from current literature which indicates that learners with low visuospatial ability are aided by 3DVT. Familiarizing participants with VR before the learning phase had no impact on learning (P = 0.967). This study demonstrated that VR may be detrimental to low visuospatial ability students, whereas physical models may allow all students, regardless of their visuospatial abilities, to learn similarly well.     

"看似寻常最奇崛"的诗学诠释

般而言,奇崛美是一种硬语雄奇之美。“看似寻常最奇崛”实际上是一种诗学悖论现象。“奇崛”与“寻常”是如何调和在一起的呢?刘大魁的“气奇则真奇”说提供了一种解释的可能。中国古典诗学话语中的“奇崛”与“寻常”是与俄国形式主义诗学中的“陌生化”和“自动化”相对应的一组概念。俄国形式主义肯定陌生化否定自动化,而中国古典诗学在“奇崛”与“寻常”之间采取的是辩证统一的态度。     

食品专业见习实习教学环节的改革与探索

见习实习教学环节是食品专业实践类课程中的一项重要内容,本文根据食品专业的特点,从借鉴国内外高校成功的实践教学经验、激发学生的创新和创业意识、加强产学研合作教育、加强校外实习基地建设等方面阐述了提高食品专业见习实习教学质量的方法。     

Time-course of running treadmill adaptation in novice treadmill runners

ABSTRACT

Studies on running biomechanics and energetics are usually conducted on a treadmill. To ensure that locomotion on a treadmill is comparable to locomotion overground, participants need to be expert in the use of the device. This study aimed to identify the number and duration of sessions needed to obtain stable measurements for spatiotemporal and metabolic parameters in unexperienced treadmill runners. Fourteen male recreational runners performed three 15-min treadmill running trials in different days at a submaximal speed. Spatiotemporal and metabolic parameters were registered at minutes: 5, 10, 15 and their within-trial and between-trial changes were analysed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Within-trial differences were found in step frequency (decreased over time), Step Length and Contact Time (increased), reaching stability at different time points. Ventilator parameters increased, reaching stability after 5–10 min, while heart rate increased progressively over time. The only between-trial differences were an increase in step length and a decrease in step frequency at min 1, between trials 1 and 3. In conclusion, at least three running trials of 15 min are required to familiarize with the device. The last 5 min of the third trial can be regarded as stable measurements.     

反复:《廊桥遗梦》语言的陌生化

"陌生化"是俄国形式主义的核心概念。俄国形式主义提倡用"陌生语言",即对日常语言进行有组织的"强暴"达到"文学性"的效果。《廊桥遗梦》语言的"陌生化"主要表现在大量地使用反复。     

文学的陌生化与熟悉化之维

作为审美诉求的文学话语,俄国形式主义者为其标举了陌生化理论,但陌生化并非文学话语的唯一元素,陌生化必须以熟悉化为背景,熟悉化规范着陌生化,陌生化又丰富了熟悉化,文学话语的生命之树就是在陌生化与熟悉化这两种维度中繁衍更新。