The impact of digital technology on archival science

Archival science is to be regarded as a system. The properties of that system can be investigated and integrated. The methodology to do so has been tested in two research projects which are presented in this article as examples of the way in which the view of archival science as a system supports the development of new knowledge and as a demonstration of the stability of archival theory. This article presupposes that the archival discipline is also a “science”. Many have argued against the idea on the basis of a common perception that a science is a type of study entirely objective by virtue of the rigorous manner in which it is carried out and the restricted range of topics to which it applies. In fact, the activity of science is based upon a complex framework of assumptions that make it possible for the landscape of the scientific endeavour to be redrawn over time, and, while striving towards objectivity, considers it to be an unattainable ideal.     

论21世纪高校体育教育重心的转移

高校体育教育重心的转移，是21世纪我国高校体育教育研究的重要课题。从几个层面概述了作者的某些观点，以期与同行专家共同探讨。     

社会变迁与图书馆员角色的重新定位

本文回顾了社会变迁的历程，概括了图书馆员角色变换的规律，阐明了新世纪馆员角色的重新定位，指明了当代馆员的使命。     

法律实施的效果与法治期待

法律实施是实行法治、建立社会主义法治国家的关键所在 ,在法治实践中 ,我们既不能用成熟法治国家的标准来衡量我国法律实施的现状 ,也不能假借具体国情的特殊性放任法律实施的低效运作。在现有法律明确规定的情况下 ,务求有法必依、执法必严 ,真正确立起法律的权威性 ,并切实维护法制的统一性。惟有如此 ,才有利于我们法治国家的健康成长。     

国际学科教学知识的文献计量研究

学科教学知识(PCK)自舒尔曼1986年提出以来,受到了广泛关注。通过在Web of Science核心合集中对"PCK"进行文献计量研究,辅以CiteSpace进行关键词共现等分析,可以从整体上了解国际PCK的研究现状、研究热点与研究前沿问题。通过分析发现,在研究方法上,文献计量方法的综合使用有利于形成科学而准确的结论;在研究内容上,国际PCK的研究热点与研究前沿特征词较相似,体现了创新研究的不足。     

英汉多个疑问词的句法分布

一个句子的焦点是句子语义的重心所在。疑问词是疑问句的语义重心，因而疑问句的焦点就是疑问词。本文以焦点和突显观为理论依据，考察了英汉多个疑问词在特指问句中的句法位置，揭示出在特指问句中英语多个wh-词移位和汉语多个疑问词原位的原因。英语特指问句中多个wh-词必须有一个移至句首，这是其自身显性的焦点性和突显性的结果。     

论阅读教学中“教”“学”主体的转变

在应试教育的大背景下，阅读教学已经异化为应试教学，沦落为应试教育的手段。阅读教学要做到优质高效，并对整个小学语文教学起到重要的拉动作用，必须实现由“教”到“学”的主体转变，即课堂教学要由从以教师“教”为中心转变到以学生“学”为中心。只有经历这样的转变，阅读教学才能实现质的跨越。     

运动技能迁移理论在篮球教学中的应用

迁移是教育心理学研究的一个重要课题。随着科技的发展，各学科相互渗透，迁移理论日益受到体育界的重视。本文就有关运动技能迁移规律在篮球教学中的规律进行初步探讨，分析了篮球运动技能的影响因素，提出促进技能积极性迁移的方法：合理安排教学进度；综合发展身体素质，提高学生分析、概括的能力等。     

The fourth dimension: A motoric perspective on the anxiety–performance relationship

This article focuses on raising concern that anxiety–performance relationship theory has insufficiently catered for motoric issues during, primarily, closed and self-paced skill execution (e.g., long jump and javelin throw). Following a review of current theory, we address the under-consideration of motoric issues by extending the three-dimensional model put forward by Cheng, Hardy, and Markland (2009) (‘Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 271–278). This fourth dimension, termed skill establishment, comprises the level and consistency of movement automaticity together with a performer's confidence in this specific process, as providing a degree of robustness against negative anxiety effects. To exemplify this motoric influence, we then offer insight regarding current theories’ misrepresentation that a self-focus of attention toward an already well-learned skill always leads to a negative performance effect. In doing so, we draw upon applied literature to distinguish between positive and negative self-foci and suggest that on what and how a performer directs their attention is crucial to the interaction with skill establishment and, therefore, performance. Finally, implications for skill acquisition research are provided. Accordingly, we suggest a positive potential flow from applied/translational to fundamental/theory-generating research in sport which can serve to freshen and usefully redirect investigation into this long-considered but still insufficiently understood concept.     

聚焦柱面光束的等效菲涅耳数及焦移

定义了平面波入射柱面透镜的等效菲涅耳数,并基于等效菲涅耳数的含义,利用一种新的简单的方法研究了平面波入射柱面透镜的聚焦光场的聚焦特性。结果显示,聚焦光场的相对焦移可以用一个简单的解析表达式来计算,即表示为等效菲涅耳数的函数。为了说明等效菲涅耳数的定义,将由这种简单的新方法得到的结果与基于衍射积分的数值计算得到的结果进行比较,结果显示,两种方法得到的结果吻合的很好。因此,可以用这种新方法来简单而准确地计算相对焦移。