长青自然保护区中国种子植物特有属的初步研究

长青自然保护区内种子植物资源丰富多样,仅中国特有植物就有30属,占全国特有属总属数的11．67％,占长青自然保护区种子植物总属数的4.12％,隶属于26科．其中单种属17个,少种属12个,两者共占保护区的特有属总属数的96．67％,多种属1个．保护区内的特有植物以温带性质为主,并且具有明显的古老性．特有植物与毗邻省区有广泛的联系,特别是与四川、湖北、陕西化龙山的联系最为密切,共有的特有植物比例高．同时也表现出与整个秦岭地区植物区系较为密切的关系．因此,长青自然保护区不仅在地理位置上,而且在特有植物成分组成上与“川东—鄂西中国特有植物分布中心”存在十分密切的联系．     

西藏高原植物区系中特有属的研究

The Xizang (Tibetan) flora with numerous endemics is of importance in Chi- nese flora.   According to recent statistics there are in Xizang 27 genera of  spermatophytes endemic to China, being only 2.25% percent of the total number of genera in the Xizang flora. Four of them are regarded as palaeoendemics (14.81%) and the others as neoendemics (85.19%). These endemic genera, of 30 species and 3 varieties, belong to 17 families, of which, Umbelli- ferae contains 6 genera, 7 species and 3 varieties; Compositae has 6 genera and 7 species, and Gentianaceae 1 genus and 2 species.  All the other families each comprises one genus with a single species.       The cosmopolitan families together comprising 14 genera with 15 species have the highest perecentage (52.92%) and the tropical ones (5 families, 5 genera with 5 species) come to the next (29.42%), followed by the temperate ones (3 families, 10 genera with 10 species) (17.66%). It shows that these endemic genera are obviously related to the tropical flora and temperate one in essence.        According to the number of species, the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xi- zang flora may be grouped as fallows. Monotypic endemic ones 14 (51.85%) Ditypic endemic ones 6 (22.22%) Oligotypic endemic ones 4 (14.81%) Small endemic ones 3 (11.11%)        The formation of the endemic genera is correlated with the topography, climate and en- vironmental conditions, and they may have resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence for a long time.  The southeastern part of Xizang Plateau is of very diverse ecological conditions, with the adequate precipitation, which may explain the concentration of these endemic genera in this region.        The largest similarity coefficient (38.30%) of the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xizang is with those in Qinghai Plateau, next, with those in Yunnan and in Sichuan pro- vinces (both 27.60%), which shows that these endemic genera are related to the floras of the regions mentioned above.        The difference in the horizontal distribution of these endemic genera is obviously between the southern and northern parts of Xizang Plateau.  The vertical distribution of the genera is also rather obvious, from 800 m to 5200 m above sea level, but concentrated in the zone of 3000 m to 4500 mm.  Therefore their occurrence in Xizang is not only affected by the historical environmental conditions but also controlled by the horizontal and vertical distribution.      The origin and evolution of some endemic genera, such as Psammosilene, Parateropyrum, Sphaerotylos, Salweenia, Ajaniopsis, Xizangia, Sinoleontopodium, are discussed in this paper.      Parateropyrum, a monotypic palaeotropic endemic, belongs to the tribe Atraphaxideae in- cluding Atraphaxis, Calligonum and Pteropyrum.  It may be a comparatively advanced group in the tribe, and is closely related to the genus Pteropyrum  which is  distributed in western Asia.  The genus Parapteropyrum has possibly survived as a palaetropic-tertiary  relic in this region.      Sphaerotylos, a member of the subtribe Sphaerotylinae, the tribe Boehmerieae in the family Urticaceae, is a comparatively primitive genus in the tribe Boehmerieae so far known.  As the other subtribes, such as Boehmerinae, Sarconchlamydinae, Orecnidinae and Maoutinae, are dis- tributed in the tropics, rarely in the subtropics, the genus is no doubt a palaetropic -tertiary relic.      Sinoleontopodium, belonging to the tribe lnuleae in Compositae, is also related to the ge- nus Leontopodium.  It is probable that the genus Sinoleontopodium arised later than the other.       We come to the conclusion that the southern part of Xizang Plateau is also one of thecentres of the origin and differentiation of genera endemic to China.     

Moisture Controls Growth of Birch at Upper Timberline in Southern Himalayas

<正>Birch(Betula)trees and forests are widely distributed across much of the temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere.Despite being an ecologically significant genus,it is not well studied compared to other genera like Pinus,Picea,Larix,Juniperus,Quercus,or Fagus.Prof.LIANG Eryuan and his colleagues from the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research     

武夷山苔藓植物区系及其与邻近地区的关系

本文结合地史初步探讨了第三纪以来武夷山苔藓植物可能发生的变化。武夷山的苔藓     植物主要为东亚区系成分和旧热带区系成分，与泛北极区系成分的相似性也相当明显。东亚     特有属(5个)系组成武夷山苔藓植物区系的重要因素之一，它低于黄山和西天目山的9个和     7个，与黄山等组成一个共同的苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。从各方面的分析推测，这    类植物可能起源于第三纪，系一类“孑遗植物”。     

湖南植物区系种子植物特有属的特征及其成因探讨

湖南植物区系有中国种子植物特有属65个,隶属于41个科,它们具有丰富性,古老性、热带亲缘关系和温带性质的特征。产生这些特征的原因主要有:①自三迭纪以来,具有相对稳定的地质历史;②是中国特有成分,东亚成分、东亚—北美成分的发详地;③是华东地区、华中地区和华南地区的交接地带。     

崂山野生攀援植物属的地理成分分析

崂山地处山东半岛东南部,位于北纬36°03’-36°23’,东经120°07’～1＇20°43’,山区总面积386km^2,有较为丰富的野生攀援植物资源．通过野外采集及标本的整理鉴定,初步确认该区共有野生攀援植物26科49属104种（包括种下等级）．根据对崂山野生攀援植物属的地理成分分析的结果,指出本区野生攀援植、物区系具有以下特征：（1）种类组成丰富,地理成分复杂;（2）区系中热带性地理成分和温带性地理成分相当;（3）相对于整个种子植物区系来说,野生攀援植物区系具有更强的热带性亲缘．     

山东省野生草质攀援植物属的地理成分分析

山东省地处位于我国东部,地理坐标为34°25′~38°23′N,114°36′~122°43′E之间,总面积为15.3万km^2,有较为丰富的野生草质攀援植物资源。通过野外采集及标本的整理鉴定,初步确认该区共有野生草质攀援植物15科34属80种（包括种下等级）,其中双子叶植物11科30属70种,单子叶植物4科4属10种。根据对山东省野生草质攀援植物属的地理成分分析的结果,指出本区野生草质攀援植物区系具有以下特征：（1）种类组成丰富,地理成分复杂;（2）区系中热带性地理成分占主干地位;（3）相对于整个种子植物区系来说,野生草质攀援植物区系具有更强的热带性亲缘。     

中国植物区系中的特有现象——特有属的研究

本文对我国种子植物特有属作了初步研究，提出如下几点粗浅的看法：     1．根据我国各特有属的现代地理分布格局，大部分特有属具有明显的温带性特点。     2．我国特有属在水平分布上具有极不均匀的特点。各特有属的广布程度都很低，生态特     化现象十分明显。在垂直分布上，则主要分布于中海拔地区。特有属数目并不随海拔增高而     增多。     3．根据特有属分布的密集程度和分布区边界的密集交叠情况，划定了三个特有属分布中    心，即川东—鄂西中心, 滇东南—桂西中心和川西—滇西北中心。前二中心可能是残遗中心，后一中心则可能为分化中心。     

增强英语课程职业意识 发展学生职业能力

职业性是高职公共英语课程的改革方向。强化公共英语课程的职业意识,建立基于职业教育理念的课程观,是英语课程开发、实施、评价的源泉和基础,是教学质量与教学改革取得成功的根本保证,是培养学生职业综合素养、发展学生职业能力的重要前提。     

从艺术门类间的关系看艺术的底线

文章认为，各艺术门类的相通之处正是艺术的底线所在。通过对文学、音乐和美术的相互关系的论证，作者从生命体验、诗意、乐感三个维度上界定了艺术的底线，并将此看成为对后现代美学取消主义的反驳。在艺术门类、东西方艺术、传统与现代之间，本文强调的是共同点。